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[Music]
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you know when a corporation goes up when
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it takes up a certain percentage of its
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Revenue a certain percentage of profit
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and puts it
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into you know social causes
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what can be done gets fairly
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limited and it will create a very
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discontinuous uh
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effort otherwise it'll become very small
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because if we say that we will put in 1%
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of our profit or 5% of our profit and
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then put it in what happens when you do
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this in a year in which there's no
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profit then they all all efforts become
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projects
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projects are by nature
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discontinuous but what it gains
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is uh the project management or program
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management capabilities which will
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always be inherently very strong in a
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corporation okay so the way we do is we
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know
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that the subjects in which we can
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contribute a very
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many so we encourage our employees to
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participate along with ngos in many of
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the cses and as normal one of the causes
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for which we seek their uh cooperations
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W teach in a school it's a question of
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how long your time is available and
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accordingly we'll work with the NGS and
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the Departments which will find out the
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time at which employees can go and teach
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in a school we have 62,000 employees
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it's a very vast number so the hours
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which can contribute to sled
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but
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what we had done or what I had done and
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my family has done is
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different we have two operating
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companies inl it's India and it's still
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Global andil India is about 2 and half
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billion in size andil Global is 2.8
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billion in
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size they have been declaring dividends
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since
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Inception it India was formed in
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1976 and it Global which is it
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Technologies is formed in year 2000
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listed in
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2000 these
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dividends flow into a family
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coroporation the family Corporation
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beites a large Quantum of it into shivar
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foundation so we have found a very
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sustainable way of doing this what
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happened s with this we can take a long
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effort you know something which will
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take 10 years something that will have
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to be supported for 25 years you know
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big project end of the day what is and
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what have I achieved what have we
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achieved we have achieved in we built
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two
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institutions and we know how to run it
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with processes we know how to run it
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with
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structures so if you want to create
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institutions which will you know which
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are built to last we know we know how to
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build these to
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last we we would do them and we will do
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them as institutions not as projects I
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hope you follow the difference let me
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just follow up and that and ask about
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the target of your
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efforts it could be Health it could be
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the Arts it could Community Services but
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you have chosen to focus on
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education you would just say a few words
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about that choice why
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education the why education came with
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not much of
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reasoning because when we wanted to give
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something
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back uh I looked at myself as says what
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am I I'm a product of
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education
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education and scholarship
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it gave me a lot of confidence and
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aspirations I picked up from friends and
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the Ambiance in which I
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grew and uh if I could provide a similar
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Ambiance it could help a lot more people
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that's how we set up a College of
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Engineering under a university under an
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University but right when we set it up
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itself we set it up that this is going
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to grow big this is going to last this
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is going to do many things than just
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engineering
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so we bought 238 campus next to chenai
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and now it has become part of chenai
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itself and now in 14 years and we did
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the processes right we build the in buil
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the institution right in its ninth year
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it
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topped the state there 400 engineering
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colleges in the
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state and somewhere around the it's 14
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years old somewhere around the 10th year
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it ranked the top
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10 private colleges in uh the entire
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India and then we began a good 9 years
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ago a joint program we said let's start
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a joint program for
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Masters and let's do it with the best
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school in the world in these fields so
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we have done that with car Millan we
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offer four post-graduate
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courses and which is partly done this is
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this I believe is a very important thing
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in a global World We believe you should
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study in multiple
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countries okay now I'll step back and
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give you the
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reasons the China has become India's
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largest trading
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partner it's rare to find an Indian who
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speaks Chinese it's rare to find an
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Chinese who can speak any of the Indian
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languages none of neither of them at the
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trading level I want to repeat this at
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the trading level can speak English
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either okay small businessman
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okay how do they communicate God knows
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sign language probably but is there an
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they are the largest trading partner
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when the largest trating part they
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displace United States we all speak
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English but no one speaks Chinese
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and uh uh they come up you know if
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you've ever traded with them they come
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up with a calculator and then tell you
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this is the price and that's all they
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you always go back with the price that
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you want you know they they the way they
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cost their material probably is very
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different by weight or
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something
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so uh now this has to be recognized it's
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just find its way into the education
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system it'll be good for us to you know
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arrange Exchange program so that if
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there's a two-year course someone goes
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there spends three months and comes back
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and then over this entire period learns
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Chinese to speak to read or right we
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like you have a problem in America that
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everyone speaks only English or
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Spanish uh in India everyone speaks
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their mother tongue or English so it got
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her line through us and England and
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Australia but the economy number 2 3 4
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five if you take them it'll be China
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Japan Germany India they have to speak a
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different language now okay anyway we
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thought that this join program we should
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pick up the
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experience these programs have done two
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semesters in India and one semester in
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the US okay and the students are
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solid most of them work for American
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company they go through the sem
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placement system and they draw a higher
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salary than
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what the native CMU course could
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get so this is a second step that we did
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and the third step which we did was that
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we are a product of Technology we are a
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product of
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R&D our company began its effort in
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producing Computing before either
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Microsoft or IBM did the personal
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Computing area we one of the earliest in
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the' 70s we are we are a company in
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the70s who produced all these things
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whereas these things came around in the
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world in the '
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80s we are also one of the earliest in
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unix's earliest in technology so we know
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that the way it it it stages itself is
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technology comes
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first you know research comes first as a
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result of it technology comes as a
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result of it engineering comes so if you
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build an engineering College how do you
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connect it up with what happens
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before so we started working on
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that we built a research center and we
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CAU somebody who came from defense
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research we've got great advisers who
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are you know supporting this so
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we the kind of people who support is
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people like Raji people like arach
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people who have been advising the prime
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ministers of India so we
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have in
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education covering a
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span and
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depth in addition to that we run a
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business
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school so we thought that we would do
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this as something which is
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inspiring and we would do it the way it
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will be we thought our belief is that it
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is aspirations
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meritocracy
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and world class Institution
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if you have the three
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ingredients is what our country
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needs how serious do you see the
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educational situation in India and what
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is your strategy to try and tackle that
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uh
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problem umul education in India requires
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correction in some
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places new introductions in some places
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and then widening in some places
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widening is Indian education is not
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global global doesn't mean somebody you
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know comes here you know even if when I
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got when when my
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daughter came here to study the first
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thing he insisted was that you live
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abroad for a year
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alone uh and work in a in a company just
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by yourself so she went and worked in
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this bu business communication business
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and uh with Sky
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News completely Anonymous without
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knowing no one knew what she was she got
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a job because she got a degree in
00:11:42
communication but it's it's it's great
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experience one must you know just have
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some alien experiences like
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this and uh studying in one location
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somehow doesn't appeal to me not for the
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future second second thing is I come
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from a generation in which the average
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life expectancy is in the
00:12:05
80s they all are going to be in a
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generation in which the life expectation
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should be 100 plus okay if it is so they
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have more time to strengthen their you
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know educational input now or as they go
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along you know it can be a discontinuous
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effort also so we thought that we will
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provide all these things and build a
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university that is another project that
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we're doing and we're not doing in the
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traditional style of you know we will
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take land and then uh get to start with
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some courses and then Build It Up not
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like we did last time this time we just
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going and constructing it and we said
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that a full-fledged University is what
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will be built we will get to work with
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Partners across the world and then take
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it from there offer of completely
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different education experience someone
00:13:00
ask that what is this going to look like
00:13:02
says we don't know it's a leap of good
00:13:05
faith this are two things that we're
00:13:08
doing in Higher
00:13:11
Learning that's more than what you asked
00:13:13
for mhm that's great just uh to stay on
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this this area you've built a university
00:13:20
and yet I know you're also very
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interested in students of a younger age
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at a different
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stage and thinking about where you want
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where you have intervened in the
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educational course that people
00:13:33
follow if you could just work just work
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through a bit your thinking why
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intervene at the University level why
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intervene at a younger level and then a
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related question is how do you think
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about scale or scaling so you want to
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intervene but I also know you want to
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intervene and have a large impact on a
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lot of people so really a second
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question is um just talk a bit about
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your thinking about scale large scale
00:14:05
impact large scale impact is
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to
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okay there are two things that we
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noticed is serious
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gaps
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one let me talk about my home state my
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home state is not where I come from that
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is Tamil home state is where the we
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industry this is up we the largest
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private employer there which is where we
00:14:32
built all our businesses they employed
00:14:35
20,000 people who all are in up it's a
00:14:40
state which is adjacent to New
00:14:43
Delhi and uh it is uh if the state were
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to be a country with a population of 190
00:14:51
million it'll be the 7eventh most
00:14:53
populous state in the
00:14:56
world but it has
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very depressing
00:15:01
failures the school system with 180,000
00:15:06
schools is not able to cope with what
00:15:10
the needs
00:15:12
are and political compulsions have made
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them that a student will just get
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through class after class after class
00:15:22
without measuring what he or she has
00:15:25
learned so that goes through till 61
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so if you take a fifth standard student
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45% of them don't know how to
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read and if it takes second standard
00:15:40
students uh similar percentage of
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students cannot recognize
00:15:47
letters so we have a serious problem
00:15:50
okay how do we correct it if every if
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you knew that how to correct it there
00:15:55
wouldn't have been they would have
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followed it the state government is very
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sincere I'm not taking them to be their
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failure someone needs to experiment and
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find an
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answer so we've run some pilot models of
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delivering
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education through a non-qualified
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teacher deliver it
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through this medium on a you know
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telecast
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mode where someone only is assist
00:16:29
sitting standing next it's almost like
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cooking through a television instruction
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okay so somebody's demonstrating it for
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that
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next
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and the course where is such that it it
00:16:46
is in Hindi we we created it
00:16:50
ourselves and uh uh we tested it we pil
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piloted
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this after every
00:16:59
conclusion of every r or so we
00:17:03
reinforce because the stages are you
00:17:06
communicate re
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reinforce then find gaps close
00:17:13
gaps the huge Advantage which a city
00:17:17
bred person has is the mother becomes a
00:17:21
teacher no one can replace a mother's
00:17:23
teaching no teacher can because she will
00:17:27
ensure that the child learns and
00:17:30
retains what she has taught if she can
00:17:35
teach that's why the urban students get
00:17:39
to be much more competitive who take
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away the bulk of what earning potential
00:17:43
that there is that's another political
00:17:45
problem which India has okay anyway I'm
00:17:48
not wanting to solve that problem I
00:17:50
thought that let me solve the problem at
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the teaching
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level so how do
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you see what the teacher the mother has
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to do so towards the end of the day each
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day we are bringing in a control and
00:18:07
command system through
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satellite so that the most proficient of
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the
00:18:14
teachers take all the students who have
00:18:16
got caps and then they're connected
00:18:20
through uh through satellite and they
00:18:24
teach and correct so that our objective
00:18:27
is to get 90% of what is being taught to
00:18:31
be retained by 90% of students okay so
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that just eliminate the
00:18:39
possibility the advantage of the system
00:18:41
is if someone has a two-month
00:18:44
handicap he or she can join a class you
00:18:48
know this mental conception of one year
00:18:51
one standard you know you you just take
00:18:53
it away think without those limitations
00:18:56
you have so much to study so it has to
00:18:59
be paced to what you have and in between
00:19:02
if you have to go away for something
00:19:04
else it'll wait you
00:19:07
know it can't come back and say that I
00:19:09
missed it because the education carrier
00:19:13
is one life and then youve got to stay
00:19:16
with it for the rest of the life These
00:19:17
are people who may drop out after fifth
00:19:19
standard or drop out after school this
00:19:22
is only opportunity to they have to have
00:19:25
any
00:19:26
foundation so we did this we you know
00:19:31
the government knows that we are fairly
00:19:32
sincere
00:19:34
people we have a good reputation we say
00:19:36
that you know we will do what we say we
00:19:39
will do and if we
00:19:41
don't commit anything we'll say at least
00:19:43
we'll experiment with all
00:19:46
sincerity so we ask the government of of
00:19:49
180,000 schools give us the management
00:19:52
of 200
00:19:54
schools but just agree to be patient
00:19:56
with us and and uh we will correct
00:20:00
this and you know we at to do this but
00:20:05
we starting
00:20:07
now what will it do I mean they came up
00:20:10
and said take at least 1,000 schools you
00:20:13
know 200 schools you're talking about
00:20:15
60,000 students it's a very serious
00:20:18
responsibility I said look it's it's
00:20:21
it's an Act of Faith which what you're
00:20:23
giving it's it's a liap of faith
00:20:26
and uh the least we will do is we'll
00:20:29
follow the old method but deliver good
00:20:32
education to these people okay these
00:20:34
60,000 people will take charge say next
00:20:37
year we'll write in the letter of intent
00:20:39
that we'll go up to a th000 schools but
00:20:42
post that we will program manage this
00:20:46
introduction over the state to the
00:20:48
180,000 schools okay this is the largest
00:20:52
that has ever been done okay but we'll
00:20:56
program managers okay we'll work side by
00:20:59
side
00:21:00
with it's a very well-intentioned thing
00:21:03
and the team which is doing is highly
00:21:06
capable it's uh the project is headed
00:21:10
you know by some by a person no less
00:21:13
than TSR suban who was Chief Secretary
00:21:16
of up before and was cabinet secretary
00:21:18
before so the team is very highly
00:21:21
powered very capable
00:21:24
individuals we said we'll take in I'm
00:21:27
I'm very involved personally about on
00:21:29
this project and
00:21:32
uh the other project
00:21:34
is called vidyan This is called shika
00:21:38
the vidyan project
00:21:40
is you know the the urban rural divide
00:21:44
is very sharp I gave you the statistics
00:21:46
to you of up government
00:21:50
up is if we just leave this you know
00:21:54
there was a speech by President Clinton
00:21:57
were he there yes
00:22:01
2001 2002
00:22:05
2003 there are three consecutive
00:22:08
years India registers 9%
00:22:11
growth and 2004 there is an election and
00:22:14
the rolling party is
00:22:16
defeated and it's not come
00:22:18
back the problem is of the 300 million
00:22:21
poor people who go on vote never saw the
00:22:24
benefit of the 9%
00:22:26
growth in the subsequent 5 years
00:22:29
they called it all inclusive growth and
00:22:32
did partly and promised mostly that they
00:22:36
would get
00:22:37
them the benefits and they started
00:22:40
seeing
00:22:42
them the rolling party came with higher
00:22:46
majority it's because currently all
00:22:49
benefits are going to the urban people
00:22:53
so how do we take it to the rural people
00:22:55
how do we bring them to be equals we
00:22:57
need to bring
00:22:59
leadership at the rural level because
00:23:03
you know Talent at the end of the day is
00:23:06
randomly distributed it doesn't look at
00:23:09
cast it doesn't look at Creed it doesn't
00:23:12
look at religion it doesn't look at
00:23:14
where you're studying and where you
00:23:16
living how can you develop leadership at
00:23:18
the high school level among students the
00:23:22
level in which you develop
00:23:23
them because you know after that it may
00:23:27
be late
00:23:29
you know uh you developed it in you
00:23:33
develop it in every
00:23:35
stage you know they get very
00:23:39
aspirational aspiration comes in you
00:23:42
know when you work with all of them are
00:23:43
almost similarly
00:23:45
qualified if we go to 2,000 schools and
00:23:49
take School Toppers and select 200
00:23:51
students they're all very similarly
00:23:54
qualified when they come in so you
00:23:57
compete
00:23:59
one and then you correct yourself two in
00:24:05
some field or other we make sure that
00:24:08
they
00:24:09
lead finally if a play is held like
00:24:13
ramayan there are 56 out of the 200
00:24:15
students that will participate you know
00:24:18
we'll make sure in sports or they
00:24:21
compete every week on something or
00:24:25
other so you know competition rais
00:24:29
leadership and there are many team
00:24:31
events in which they
00:24:33
participate so you know if if you come
00:24:36
there and say it's very busy life those
00:24:39
kids lead a very busy
00:24:41
life they get up at 5: in the morning
00:24:43
they get to work at
00:24:45
5:45 and they get to sleep at 9:00 or
00:24:48
9:30 they don't have a minute
00:24:51
free so where will it go these are all
00:24:54
you know to us I mean to me these are
00:24:57
projects which
00:24:59
will take a long time you know I hope I
00:25:03
live long enough to see the
00:25:05
results uh because they have to go
00:25:07
through school then they have to go
00:25:09
through college then they have to go
00:25:10
through work life will they go going to
00:25:14
an IAT or am I guarantee
00:25:18
you unquestionably they'll be able to
00:25:21
pick up where they want to go anywhere
00:25:23
in the
00:25:24
world I would want them to go back to
00:25:27
IAS or more political life run for
00:25:31
office we would prepare them for it you
00:25:34
know in a lot of ways when I was very
00:25:38
young they said every Kennedy was
00:25:40
prepared to
00:25:41
be uh president of the United States
00:25:45
they pretty much
00:25:48
did so as a business entrepreneur for
00:25:51
many years you developed a capacity to
00:25:54
think strategically and to build an
00:25:56
organization set a dire ction as you've
00:26:00
come in now to serving as a social
00:26:03
entrepreneur what are the skills that
00:26:05
have carried over that have served you
00:26:07
in doing what you're doing now from your
00:26:10
years at
00:26:11
HCL the first thing is number
00:26:15
one the whatever you whatever we are
00:26:18
aspiring to do it has to be big to keep
00:26:21
my own my interest in it alive any one
00:26:26
of the initiative we doing they were all
00:26:29
bigger than what we thought we could do
00:26:31
at any time when we
00:26:34
started the first thing that we always
00:26:37
do is we work out a
00:26:38
plan and the plan has always been a
00:26:41
10-year
00:26:42
plan and we work out Financial
00:26:46
allocations which will be a 10e
00:26:48
allocation we work out an organization
00:26:51
structure
00:26:54
of how to create it he said first we
00:26:57
need a board that will guide it
00:26:58
we construct the boat if to the
00:27:01
university the person who had
00:27:04
served as the head of the IAS Academy he
00:27:08
will be know he is an AO someone who's
00:27:12
managing India's most
00:27:14
vital uh Ministry petroleum Ministry
00:27:17
he's an our board you know we got some
00:27:19
for for the school we have the one who
00:27:23
was uh principal of Miranda Vice
00:27:26
Chancellor of Delhi University she's on
00:27:28
the board someone who created Sanskrit
00:27:31
school which is thought to be one of the
00:27:33
best
00:27:34
schools she's on the board you know we
00:27:37
we first create a board if we talking
00:27:40
about the engineering College we have Dr
00:27:43
nran on the board and we have uh Dr
00:27:48
arunachalam on the board you know people
00:27:51
eminent you know scientific capability
00:27:55
in order that everything is you know
00:27:57
what the other side we have got worry
00:28:00
about accounts and audit as well we have
00:28:02
the previous election commissioner
00:28:05
Krishna morti he's on the board of s you
00:28:08
know first is you create a board that
00:28:11
will help and then build the
00:28:13
institution and then build an
00:28:15
organization structure below who
00:28:19
has you know how do you transelate a 10e
00:28:23
goal to a 5year goal and they have to
00:28:26
have the aspiration it can these things
00:28:28
cannot be served by people to whom that
00:28:31
is just not the job our education
00:28:34
institution people turnover is pretty
00:28:36
close to zero because they like what
00:28:39
they
00:28:41
do they compensated
00:28:44
well and we introduce metrics for
00:28:47
everything because it must be
00:28:49
measured and uh we know exactly 92.8% is
00:28:54
what the Toppers 98% was the topers get
00:28:59
last top
00:29:01
25% the in this school for leadership
00:29:06
they got about
00:29:08
90% and how do they get there this is
00:29:11
checked out week by
00:29:14
week
00:29:16
so it
00:29:18
runs with with an Institutional
00:29:22
discipline I learned it from somebody I
00:29:24
learned it I learned
00:29:26
how Gates found Foundation works it
00:29:29
works like a business organization
00:29:33
accepting its businesses
00:29:36
to meet some other objective which are
00:29:38
not business objectives I could ask one
00:29:41
last question uh how do you how will you
00:29:44
measure your
00:29:47
success in uh in in in the field of
00:29:50
social impact and
00:29:54
education social
00:29:56
impact well
00:29:58
something like an engineering
00:30:01
institution is
00:30:04
measurable you know there are many
00:30:06
measures to do
00:30:08
that something like a brand new idea of
00:30:11
a university which will function and
00:30:14
collaboration with universities in
00:30:15
multiple countries has never been done
00:30:19
before so it has to be adapted and it
00:30:23
cannot be my goal you know we always
00:30:26
create an institution and organization
00:30:28
structure just be there
00:30:31
go and
00:30:33
uh we have to keep correcting you know
00:30:36
as in the you know being F and doing
00:30:39
anything isse there's nothing to go by
00:30:43
so the only thing to go by is you keep
00:30:45
collecting feedback to see is this
00:30:47
correct and keep checking with the
00:30:49
outcome outcome is who have an Advisory
00:30:52
Board of people
00:30:54
who not only govern inputs but also will
00:30:57
be final
00:30:58
consumers
00:31:00
meaning uh it could be business it could
00:31:03
be government where you want these
00:31:05
people to go to
00:31:09
research thank you thank you very much
00:31:11
for Tak time thank you
