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the path to becoming an astronaut is not
00:00:03
clear the path was not clear for me
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either Dave fredberg this is Woody
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hoberg calling you from the
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International Space Station how do you
00:00:15
hear me hey Woody I hear you will how
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are you 22 years of experience living
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and working in space we have learned so
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much and so what that sets us up to do
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now is to go further space is hard it
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just is hard it's not a forgiving place
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we intend to set up a sustained human
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presence on the moon and we're going to
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set up a Proving Ground to go to
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Mars thank you so much it is such an
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honor to be here I'm going to start with
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a a bit of History the leftand photo
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is one of the last moments in recorded
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human history when all living humans
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were on Earth this was October 31st of
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the year 2000 at bikon or cosmodrome in
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Kazakhstan and the crew of expedition
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one launched up to the International
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Space Station it was just three modules
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at that time and they started a
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continuous human presence in space that
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continues today by 2011 the ISS was
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assembled and looked roughly like this
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humans live in the pressurized modules
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running front to back in this photo and
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the truss running left to right is
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unpressurized so only accessible by
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Space Walk ISS is solar powered on a on
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an average workday it consumes about 75
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kilowatts it is a million pounds of mass
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in low earth orbit it's about 250 miles
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above Earth to stay in that orbit it has
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to travel 5 miles every second so that
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works out to a 90minut orbit we see 16
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Sun and 16 sunsets every
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day now in in 2011 when the space
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shuttle retired it left us our only
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option to continue sending humans up to
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the space station was a Russian so
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rocket that situation changed in May of
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2020 SpaceX made history they launched
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NASA astronauts Bob bin and Doug Hurley
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on a test flight of the crew Dragon
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spacecraft and at that time the world
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was just two months in grappling with
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the co
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pandemic and Allin had just published
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episode
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three Bob and Doug spent two months on
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the space station before they
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successfully returned and I didn't know
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it at the time but I would eventually
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fly on crew Dragon Endeavor which is the
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same capsule as Bob and
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Doug less than a year later I was
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assigned to be the pilot for the crew 6
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Mission up to the ISS and so my crew
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from left to right on the left Russian
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cosmonaut Andre fidth Commander Steve
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Bowen myself flying as pilot and then uh
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Sultan aladi was the first UAE astronaut
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to do a long duration Mission six months
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on the
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ISS we actually scrubbed our very first
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launch attempt we got within 2 and a
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half minutes of launch and we had an
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issue with the system that ignites our
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engines and so um we had to scrub we got
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all the fuel off the vehicle and 3 days
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lat later we were ready to try
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again ready for an on time launch for
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the instant 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 engine
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full power and lift off you're on your
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back you lift off at about one and a
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half
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[Applause]
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G's station pitching down R 1.7 Million
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by the time all the fuel burns out
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you're up about 4 and2 Gs and then we
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stage this is the second stage engine
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and again it starts off with only a
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little bit of acceleration it builds up
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to about 4 and 1/2 GS there you can see
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on your screen confirmation Dragon
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separation confirmed and so 12 minutes
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after launch you're in space this is
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where we experienced weightlessness for
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the first time and we took about a day
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like 24 hours to to do all the phasing
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up to the ISS for me the ISS had been
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this place that I trained about it's
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kind of an abstract object off in space
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and actually arriving and seeing it in
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our thermal camera I still remember it
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sent chills down my
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spine it's pretty fun the first few days
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getting used to
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weightlessness Steve uh was our resident
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Chef he was famous for baking pies in
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space and we had a great Handover with
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crew five who kind of taught us all the
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the little tricks to living and working
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in space and we got right to work um
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full complement of science experiments
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this this uh is the Japanese module you
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see the primary glove box mount sideways
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and that's American astronaut Frank
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Rubio working in the glove box he
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currently has the American record for uh
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duration of a single space
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flight now it turns out weightlessness
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causes heart tissue to age much faster
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than on Earth so we're using that as a
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model to study treatments for heart
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disease so see that top one beating
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looks like happy heart cells so I still
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remember the day that Sultan looked
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through the microscope and saw these
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Beating Heart cells just mindblowing we
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printed a section of human miniscus
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using a biofabrication
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facility and in addition to all the
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science we have to do all of the
00:05:36
maintenance and repairs on board so this
00:05:38
is some of the less glamorous stuff this
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is fixing our
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toilet we have to do regular maintenance
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on the space suits to keep them ready
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for
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action uh try to find me in this photo
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this is repairing one of our CO2
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scrubbing machines you see my legs
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poking
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out and this is how we get rid of trash
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we load up cargo vehicles and send them
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home to a destructive re-entry through
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Earth's atmosphere there's a regular
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Cadence of these cargo vehicles coming
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to and from ISS all the time Frank and I
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here are capturing uh the ng19 mission
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with our Canadian robotic arm and
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birthing it to the bottom of node
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one and the team on the ground is always
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uh sending us with every new cargo
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vehicle fresh fresh food and it's always
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a special
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treat we also have to take care of
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ourselves this is Sultan on our
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treadmill it's mounted on the wall you
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run facing the floor we do like two and
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a half hours of exercise every day half
00:06:36
cardio and half this resistance exercise
00:06:38
so lots of time to listen to music and
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podcasts I did get to talk to fredberg
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for uh we had a great conversation
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actually um from low earth orbit I love
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chess so I got a chess board sent up and
00:06:51
we actually played ISS crew versus
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Mission Control we played a few games
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back and forth did like one or two moves
00:06:58
every day and and we always picked out a
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flight controller from a specific
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console to make our moves on the board
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in Mission
00:07:05
Control now one of my favorite parts of
00:07:08
training uh preparing was spacewalk
00:07:10
training it's really tactile learning to
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use a pressurized space suit so we have
00:07:15
the neutral boyancy lab in Houston
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amazing team of divers supporting us to
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practice all of our procedures and I was
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thrilled when I found out that I would
00:07:23
get to do two spacewalks to in install a
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couple new ISS rollout solar arrays
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they're the vertical uh rolls you see in
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this
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photo we were getting ready for the
00:07:33
spacewalks and two weeks prior we were
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flying over the Pacific Ocean and got
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some photos of this storm which
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unfortunately damaged one of the ground
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sites in Guam that supports the
00:07:44
satellites that we used to talk to
00:07:46
Mission Control so this meant that
00:07:47
during my space walks we would not have
00:07:50
the ability to talk to Mission Control
00:07:51
for some large G uh chunks of
00:07:54
time everyone rallied uh Frank and
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Sultan set up this kind of Command Post
00:07:59
in the US lab on the space station so in
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addition to operating the robotic arm
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they would hand off back and forth with
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mission control for those com gaps and
00:08:08
Frank and Sultan would walk us through
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all of our
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procedures my friend Brian who will be
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speaking shortly actually told me that
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my mission would be an utter failure if
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I didn't get at least one space selfie
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so I got this as soon as I
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could uh Franken Sultan flew me over to
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the arrays and Steve and I unbolted them
00:08:30
and then this is the commute out to the
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work
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site the array unit it's 800 lb of mass
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so it's weightless but you still feel
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the inertia of that 800 PBS in your
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hands so mainly I was happy I did not
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drop
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it um after we finished the installation
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Steve got this shot there's two dragon
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spacecraft in this photo on the right
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side of node 2 is crew6 Dragon Endeavor
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what I flew up in and then up on the top
00:08:57
is CRS 28 that's a cargo vehicle that
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flew the arrays up and down in the end
00:09:01
of the robotic arm you can see the foot
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restraint that was holding me while I
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was holding the
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arrays so it was an amazing mission
00:09:09
after 185 days it was time for crew 6 to
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come home the dragon hatch itself is
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closed that coming at 4:19 a.m. Central
00:09:19
Time you see the thrusters firing as we
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back away and get another nice view of
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is on the big loop the part burn one is
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complete and
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nominal Sultan got this view past his
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feet of the plasma as we re-entered our
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atmosphere we're basically inside a
00:09:35
meteor so pyro Hive fired and we have
00:09:38
good confirmation of drug shoots Two
00:09:41
drugs and releas the drug slow us down
00:09:43
to about 140 mph sets us up to deploy
00:09:46
Mains safely and you can you can see
00:09:49
here the hot spacecraft and cold
00:09:51
parachutes in the thermal cam we landed
00:09:53
in some of the highest Seas to date um
00:09:56
for crew Dragon an amazing recovery team
00:09:58
comes out rig the vehicle and they Lift
00:10:01
Us onto the recovery ship with us still
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inside so you see our smiling faces here
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it was like the thrill of a lifetime to
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get to spend six months living and
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working in space but there's also just
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nothing like returning home to the
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people you
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love thank you I want to spend just a
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moment uh beyond my mission and talk
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about where we're headed next NASA is
00:10:30
headed back to the moon and to really
00:10:32
put this in context I I just have to
00:10:35
show you so I've asked fredberg for some
00:10:37
help and he's kindly
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agreed come on
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out for you okay go on this side all the
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way down or stay with me for a second
00:10:49
okay so it's a it's a convenient Quirk
00:10:51
of the scale of the objects in our solar
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system that if you make the earth a
00:10:58
basketball this is the earth then the
00:11:00
Moon is a tennis
00:11:02
ball and I invite you if you don't know
00:11:05
this answer to think about how far the
00:11:07
Moon is from Earth in this
00:11:10
scale if you already know that's fine
00:11:12
but take a guess should I say the answer
00:11:15
do uh 180,000 miles 225,000 miles
00:11:19
225,000 miles all right when I'm going
00:11:22
to do very well on Jeopardy here we go
00:11:23
when should he stop now keep going keep
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going
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keep
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going okay slow
00:11:33
down
00:11:36
there so in this scale it's 24 feet you
00:11:39
can do the math so we we will stay here
00:11:42
let's lose the tape
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measure and stay there
00:11:48
freedberg I would not make a good
00:11:51
aftera I was telling Woody I'm like I
00:11:53
can't imagine like you walk out in space
00:11:55
and it's like there's just space that
00:11:58
like I'm not
00:12:01
sorry go ahead don't drop the moon
00:12:04
either I'm
00:12:07
sorry I just want to tell you a couple
00:12:09
things here this is the earth I told you
00:12:10
this the ISS where I was was I spent six
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months half an inch off the basketball
00:12:17
wow that's where low earth orbit is wow
00:12:20
and you guys probably saw Polaris Dawn
00:12:21
launched this morning maybe a quick
00:12:23
Round of Applause for SpaceX
00:12:27
[Music]
00:12:29
so they're going way higher than the is
00:12:31
ISS way higher they're going an inch off
00:12:34
the
00:12:35
basketball with aremis so we already
00:12:37
launched Artemis in 2022 it flew
00:12:40
uncrewed out around the moon and the
00:12:41
Artemis 2 crew is already in training to
00:12:43
fly Orion around the moon and come home
00:12:46
and then emis 3 is going to be the
00:12:48
landing on the surface of the Moon and
00:12:50
we're going to set up shop we're going
00:12:51
to make a Proving Ground to get to Mars
00:12:53
and so while we have this scale Mars
00:12:57
let's let's see if you could imagine 3/4
00:13:00
of a mile away in this scale 3/4 of a
00:13:04
mile that's
00:13:06
Mars and we're doing all this work on
00:13:08
the moon to eventually get to Mars and
00:13:11
then I know you guys are Forward
00:13:12
Thinking so I just want you to imagine
00:13:15
Beyond even Mars 34 miles 34 miles away
00:13:21
is Uranus
00:13:27
[Applause]
00:13:29
[Music]
00:13:31
I I heard Cham
00:13:35
laugh he love
00:13:37
that amazing all right I think we're
00:13:39
going to talk for a minute yeah that was
00:13:41
great Woody thank you let's chat grab a
00:13:43
seat right
00:13:44
here grab a SE right here what should we
00:13:46
do with the
00:13:48
Earth good question um so couple quick
00:13:51
questions what's the timeline emis 2
00:13:53
Artemis 3 yeah and um yeah just tell us
00:13:57
a little bit about the timelines it's
00:13:58
super setting we already launched emis 1
00:14:00
emus 2 crew is in training right now
00:14:02
they're scheduled to fly in the fall of
00:14:03
2025 so in a year um they're going to
00:14:06
test out the Orion spacecraft that
00:14:08
flight's going to be a big deal they're
00:14:09
actually going to go further from Earth
00:14:10
than humans have ever been because they
00:14:12
go a little farther from the Moon than
00:14:14
Apollo did wow and then uh the plan
00:14:16
right now is for that first crude
00:14:18
Landing in 2026 with Artemis 3 2026 yep
00:14:22
are you in the running to be yeah every
00:14:24
astronaut in the office is in the
00:14:26
running to be assigned to an emis
00:14:28
mission is it like movie Right Stuff
00:14:29
where you guys are all super competitive
00:14:31
with each other on like or how tell us
00:14:32
about the Cooperative or the competitive
00:14:34
nature of being an astronaut in the NASA
00:14:36
program it's actually one of the most
00:14:37
fun things so it's definitely kind of a
00:14:39
wait in line till you're told that
00:14:41
you're assigned to a mission I still
00:14:42
remember when I got the phone call
00:14:43
assigning me to crew 6 to to do my first
00:14:46
mission it's just one of those phone
00:14:48
calls you'll never forget you know um
00:14:51
it's it's actually not we all support
00:14:53
one another and there's honestly nothing
00:14:55
cooler than watching your friends fly to
00:14:56
space yeah so and we all know we're
00:14:58
eventually going to have that chance and
00:14:59
so it's less like directly competitive
00:15:03
than you might imagine so does the moon
00:15:04
base kind of feel like an ISS is it like
00:15:08
we're going to set up a facility at some
00:15:10
point and is there that sort of
00:15:11
long-term planning going on absolutely
00:15:14
and I think yeah there's a strategic
00:15:15
plan looking way out into that Artemis
00:15:17
campaign we talked about it being a
00:15:19
sustained presence you know right now um
00:15:22
I mean I think we'd all love to
00:15:23
eventually have a permanent presence
00:15:25
meaning that humans are always on the
00:15:27
moon yeah at first it's not going to be
00:15:29
that we're going to send missions uh but
00:15:32
unlike Apollo we are really going to
00:15:34
stay we intend to stay there for a long
00:15:36
time and we're actually in unlike Apollo
00:15:38
instead of going to the equator we're
00:15:40
going to go initially to the South Pole
00:15:41
which is scientifically really
00:15:43
interesting and the intent is to do all
00:15:45
the cool things Rovers moon bases like
00:15:49
nuclear power on the moon we want to do
00:15:50
it all why did it take humans half a
00:15:53
century to come back and do this again I
00:15:56
think um did we really go to the Moon by
00:15:58
the way we absolutely went to the moon
00:16:00
just for the The Joe Rogan crowd I just
00:16:02
want to make sure we're
00:16:04
like I think I I think it's you know
00:16:08
political will right yeah we have to
00:16:10
decide that it's what we want to do and
00:16:11
I think that's one of the coolest things
00:16:12
about this time I mean who's heard of
00:16:16
Artemis
00:16:17
program yeah few people good good many
00:16:20
um we could probably do a better job
00:16:22
advertising but you know what like the
00:16:24
cool thing about Artemis is we we truly
00:16:27
have bipartisan support that's NASA's um
00:16:31
like issue over many years is can you
00:16:35
sustain as administrations change
00:16:37
because it takes a long time to do this
00:16:38
stuff and right now we feel like we have
00:16:40
real bipartisan support to go do this
00:16:41
the people want us to go do this and
00:16:43
sorry and so once you're on the moon
00:16:44
there's a lot of constant resupply
00:16:45
needed in the current model so that's
00:16:47
part of the logistics is like how do we
00:16:48
continually resupply yeah and I think as
00:16:50
the missions get more complex it stship
00:16:52
involved in 100% so right now um we
00:16:55
actually have two providers so SpaceX is
00:16:58
Big Starship yeah maybe you can just
00:16:59
talk about why it's so important yeah so
00:17:02
um the we already talked about the Orion
00:17:05
spacecraft which is what the astronuts
00:17:07
are going to fly from Earth to the to a
00:17:09
lunar orbit in but the human Landing
00:17:12
system which is going to take them down
00:17:13
to the surface we have two providers for
00:17:15
that and one of those and actually the
00:17:16
one we plan to use for that first
00:17:18
landing is the SpaceX Starship they' uh
00:17:21
SpaceX plans to do an uncr demo before
00:17:24
we send our astronauts down and we're
00:17:26
super looking forward to it so is emis
00:17:28
um a close partnership with SpaceX that
00:17:31
NASA relies on and SpaceX is a critical
00:17:34
um partner to that program to that
00:17:36
mission yeah we're using them for our
00:17:37
for our Landing then SpaceX talks and
00:17:40
Elon talked a lot yesterday about trying
00:17:41
to get Starship uncrewed over to Mars in
00:17:44
two years and is I don't want you to
00:17:48
necessarily aine in a negative way but
00:17:49
like how realistic is it that there's
00:17:51
going to be a crude Starship to Mars in
00:17:53
four years as he claimed and is that a
00:17:54
NASA partnership or is that we are
00:17:56
cheering on every Starship flight I mean
00:17:59
I've watched every single one it's we
00:18:01
love the development so if we can get to
00:18:03
Mars in years um that's great what NASA
00:18:06
is specifically Contracting SpaceX on is
00:18:09
to go to the Moon we believe the Moon is
00:18:11
the right place to go set up a sustained
00:18:14
presence and really practice um set up a
00:18:17
Proving Ground to eventually go to Mars
00:18:20
and does all the development on Starship
00:18:21
is in the direction of goodness it's
00:18:23
yeah and is it um does NASA have a
00:18:25
development program on getting to Mars
00:18:27
and timelines do they have talk about
00:18:29
that at all and is there is there an
00:18:31
actual Mission yet we actually
00:18:32
reorganized within NASA and we have an
00:18:34
entire directorate called the Moon to
00:18:36
Mars directorate and so um it's
00:18:40
absolutely we see the moon as our path
00:18:42
to Mars and that is absolutely the
00:18:44
strategy yeah um so uh maybe you could
00:18:48
just tell us coming a little bit closer
00:18:50
to Earth uh the Polaris Mission it's 5
00:18:54
days long they just launched this
00:18:56
morning Elon was here and then he he
00:18:59
actually flew in came to the summit got
00:19:01
back on his plane went back to Florida
00:19:05
and they got off yeah so maybe you could
00:19:07
tell us a little bit about the mission
00:19:09
and what these folks are going to be
00:19:10
doing we didn't get to talk about it
00:19:12
with Elon yesterday it's amazing and you
00:19:14
know Jared Scott Sarah and um Jared
00:19:17
Jared isman yeah Jared isman is the the
00:19:19
commander I mean and he paid for the
00:19:21
whole M yeah yeah he paid for the the
00:19:23
whole mission I mean these guys are
00:19:25
friends actually you know friends and
00:19:26
family so we're rooting them on if you
00:19:29
if you've been to Florida and see
00:19:30
there's a different emotion when you see
00:19:32
a crude launch than an uncrewed launch
00:19:35
like uncrewed launch big rocket go up
00:19:37
cool um when you see when you have
00:19:39
friends and family on board one of these
00:19:41
Rockets it it's a different experience
00:19:43
to watch the launch so um we're rooting
00:19:45
them on they're in space right now
00:19:47
experiencing and they're going to do a
00:19:48
space walk they're going to do a space
00:19:49
walk in a couple days that's right um
00:19:51
it'll be the first commercial space walk
00:19:53
so NASA's been doing space walks for a
00:19:54
long time but they are making history
00:19:56
they're going to depressurize the
00:19:58
vehicle to vacuum so they don't have an
00:20:00
air loock or anything they're going to
00:20:01
take the vehicle all the way to vacuum
00:20:02
they're all in a suit they're all going
00:20:04
to be in suits they have to be they'll
00:20:05
open the hatch and um I think it's Jared
00:20:09
and Sarah that are going to go out and
00:20:11
do that first uh I believe uh do that
00:20:13
first space walk so they're going to go
00:20:15
out and be like holy I'm in
00:20:17
space yeah I I'll say I don't know that
00:20:20
I'm
00:20:21
not not super up to date on the details
00:20:23
of I'm sure they have objectives for the
00:20:25
spacewalk it's always how it is you
00:20:26
while you're out there there's things
00:20:27
you want to do imagine at the ISS you
00:20:29
walk out it's a large structure there
00:20:32
there's there's some grounding context
00:20:34
to it but yeah these guys are just
00:20:37
outside of the the capsule yeah and I
00:20:39
think another interesting you know I had
00:20:40
the benefit on ISS I had been floating
00:20:43
for months actually before I did my
00:20:45
space walk so I was used to the idea
00:20:47
that you're now in this world where
00:20:49
everything floats and so going outside I
00:20:52
mean you look down and it's a 250 mile
00:20:55
drop to the surface of Earth but it
00:20:57
didn't feel scary or anything because I
00:21:00
knew I was just going to stay floating
00:21:01
next to space station where everything's
00:21:03
falling um their experience they've only
00:21:05
had a couple days to orient to this um
00:21:08
so it'll be um pretty cool yeah
00:21:12
well I mean cool for
00:21:15
some it takes a different kind of person
00:21:17
I don't know um really incredible guys
00:21:20
please join me in thanking Woody for
00:21:22
being here at the all Summit