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Hello! Hello! And welcome to My Favorite Murder. That's Georgia Hartstark. That's Karen Kilgariff.
00:01:48
We're here to present you just a little bit of true crime throughout this holiday season.
00:01:54
That's what we're doing. We're deep into the month of December. You can't go to the grocery store anymore without a panic attack.
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No, there's nothing there anyway. You go to get that stuffing mix. It's not there.
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No. Shit's hitting the fan. And we're here to tell you true crime stories. That's right.
00:02:13
Yes. You know, like what the doctor ordered. Here's another thing the doctor ordered.
00:02:20
See, that's called a segue. clean and crisp. I love it. A profesh. This is December, the holiday month. We started a
00:02:30
tradition of making donations throughout the month of December. So Georgia, do you want to
00:02:35
tell everybody what this week's donation is? I would love to. This week, we are donating $10,000
00:02:40
to One Simple Wish. At One Simple Wish, they believe that everyone should experience love,
00:02:46
hope, and joy. They aim to restore happiness to those who have been impacted by the trauma
00:02:51
of foster care and childhood crisis by granting giftable wishes. So you can find out more about
00:02:57
them. It's a great organization. We're so happy to be able to donate. You can go to onesimplewish.org.
00:03:05
I really like this charity. I think it's such a cool idea. So yeah, because it's the month of
00:03:11
December and we want to take time off like everyone does, like everyone else does. We're
00:03:16
just issuing a story a week. And this week is Karen's turn. It's my turn. I really like I think
00:03:24
you're gonna like this story this week. Although I will say, trigger warning, this is a story about
00:03:30
sexual assault. We begin in the early 1960s in Italy. It's a time of major change in the country.
00:03:37
With World War Two well over, the economy is booming again. Young people are pushing back
00:03:43
against the entrenched social standards that they consider restrictive. You know, Italy,
00:03:49
it's a very religious country. It's also a very kind of old school country. This is also especially
00:03:55
true for Italian girls and women of the time who feel particularly oppressed by the traditional
00:04:01
beliefs that marginalize and limit them. But these big cultural shifts aren't catching on everywhere
00:04:08
in Italy. In fact, in Sicily, traditional conservative norms are still the status quo,
00:04:14
and breaking free from them, especially if you're a woman, means putting your reputation
00:04:18
and your personal safety at risk. And yet, this Sicilian woman I'm going to tell you about today
00:04:24
did just that. After enduring brutal violence, she took a stand against the social standards
00:04:29
that favored male rapists and abusers over their victims. And because of her bravery,
00:04:35
she changed the country forever. This is the story of Franca Viola. The main sources used today
00:04:41
are an episode of the podcast Case File entitled Case 324, Franca Viola, the book Italian Sketches,
00:04:49
The Faces of Modern Italy by Deirdre Pirro, and an article by Niamh Cullen entitled Franca Viola
00:04:57
says no gender violence consent and the law in 1960s Italy. Wow. And the rest of the sources
00:05:04
are in our show notes. So it's 1963 and 15 year old Franca Viola lives with her family in the
00:05:14
small town of Alcamo in Sicily. The Violas are farmers. They don't have much money, but they're
00:05:21
close-knit, happy family. And Franca is roundly described as beautiful. So even though she doesn't
00:05:29
have a lot of money, that does give her some leverage in her community. Like other young women
00:05:35
of this time and place, Franca's primary responsibility is to marry well. And it's
00:05:41
expected that her good looks will help her make a good match. And she has caught the eye of someone
00:05:48
who on paper would be considered a good match. 23 Filippo Melodia comes from money He handsome he well and reportedly the nephew of a high member of the Sicilian Mafia Which I think is even more serious than the regular Italian Mafia
00:06:07
Yeah, I think you're right. I feel like the Sicilians, that's what the Godfather trilogy
00:06:12
was based on, Sicilian. But I don't know. That could be a guess. Please don't be offended
00:06:17
for any reason. So, Filippo runs around Alcamo and his white Alfa Romeo Giulietta,
00:06:26
kind of like he owns the place. And for all that he does have in his life, he doesn't have the one thing he really wants, and that's Franca Viola. So,
00:06:37
Filippo begins to court Franca for marriage, and he actually does propose. And Franca is
00:06:43
initially interested. You know, he's good looking and he's got money. It's almost like,
00:06:46
oh my God, you know, is this a dream come true? But she is somewhat cautious. So before she makes
00:06:52
such a huge life decision, she decides that she wants to get to know him better. So she doesn't
00:06:58
accept his proposal. She's like, let's hang out a little bit first. And then as she gets to know
00:07:05
him better, Filippo's bad behavior and his seedy reputation change Frank's mind. At one point,
00:07:12
Filippo is arrested for theft, which leads Frank's father, Bernardo, to rescind his approval
00:07:17
of this engagement. He wants his daughter to end the relationship altogether, and Franca does not
00:07:24
need much convincing at this point. She dumps Filippo and starts pursuing other options.
00:07:30
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Where to next? Goodbye. Two years pass. It's now 1965. Franca is 17 years old, and she is engaged to marry another man.
00:10:37
But as you can guess, Filippo hasn't gotten over Franca, and he certainly hasn't forgotten
00:10:42
the rejection. Instead, he's using intimidation tactics to strong arm her into getting back together with
00:10:51
him. In addition to stalking her, he's been harassing her fiancé and her father.
00:10:56
But the more Franka resists him, the more Filippo's behavior escalates. Soon he's linked to a case of arson at the Viola family's farm, and that destroys essential farming equipment that the family relies on.
00:11:09
And then a few months after that, someone destroys the family's crops. That's a massive financial blow to the Violas.
00:11:16
They're basically heading into wintertime with almost no money. And it's an open secret that Filippo is behind these acts of sabotage, but there is no direct evidence linking him to it. And of course, he's connected with the mafia, so no one's really saying anything.
00:11:34
And while Filippo continues to harass the violas he shows up on the family property He got a gun When they see him in public he looks at Franco father and smiles in a sinister way They terrified of him They constantly worry about what he might do next Franco fears for her life and now she afraid to leave her house So the day after Christmas 1965 several cars pull up to the Viola home One of them is a white Alfa Romeo Giulietta And then 12 masked men get out of these
00:12:10
cars. They fire gunshots into the air. They force their way inside the family home. So the father
00:12:17
Bernardo isn't home at the time. So Frank's mother, Vida, yells for her daughter to run as she tries
00:12:23
to fight 12 men off at the front door. Vita is knocked to the ground and beaten. While some of
00:12:31
the men run after Franca, they grab her. And as they pull her toward the front door,
00:12:36
Franca's eight-year-old brother Mariano clings to her leg and refuses to let go.
00:12:42
I know. These men show no mercy, but even though they beat him, Mariano will not let go of his
00:12:48
sister's leg. So the men are forced to put both Franca and Mariano into one of their cars,
00:12:54
and then they speed away. The police are called Bernardo Rush's home as fast as he can.
00:13:00
Even though these were masked men, both Bernardo and Vida have no doubt that Filippo Melodia is
00:13:06
responsible for this kidnapping. Fortunately, investors take the situation very seriously.
00:13:11
They do their best to work with the violist to figure out where exactly Filippo could have taken
00:13:16
their children. The problem is that the Viola's neighbors are also afraid of Filippo and his
00:13:22
mafia connections, and they're not talking to the police. But there is good news. Eight-year-old
00:13:29
Mariano is found and reunited with his parents. He had been thrown out of the car and abandoned
00:13:33
on the side of the road soon after the cars took off. So he's, you know, relatively okay.
00:13:40
But Franca is nowhere to be found. So meanwhile, on the outer edges of Alcamo, So, Filippo and his crew pull up in front of an unoccupied farmhouse.
00:13:50
And as Franca is taken from the car, Filippo reportedly tells her, quote, once I'm done with you, you will not be able to marry another man but me.
00:13:58
Oh, my God. So, Franca is held against her will for days and repeatedly raped by Filippo.
00:14:05
Jesus. So, here's the thing. Filippo knows that this will hurt Franca, not just physically or emotionally or psychologically, but on top of the trauma of the physical violence that she endures, Franca is an unwed woman.
00:14:21
And in the eyes of Italian society at this time, if a woman loses her virginity before she's married, she is considered to be, quote, dishonored, even if she's the victim of rape.
00:14:33
Holy shit. Which is not just Italy. Same is true. That's how it was in Ireland. A lot of young women were sent to the Magdalene Laundries after they were raped so they could have their babies out of the eyes of society.
00:14:48
And then that was just another place where they were abused and it was horrible.
00:14:53
So this standard of basically the woman being blamed for this crime against her has been going on for a while.
00:15:00
so filipo knows that when word spread that franca's had premarital sex she will likely be ostracized
00:15:07
by her community she will lose the fiance that she has and she'll have little hope of finding
00:15:13
another man to marry and it'll sentence her to a life of poverty because if she doesn't have a
00:15:18
husband women at the time don't have a lot of options to make money on their own this is revenge
00:15:24
but also it's like a way to take back control. Beyond that, the stigma of having a promiscuous
00:15:31
daughter, quote unquote, promiscuous daughter, will hurt the entire Viola family. They've already
00:15:37
lost that year's harvest. This added perceived shame that they will carry will make it difficult
00:15:43
for them to recover financially because they won't be able to recover socially. So meanwhile,
00:15:49
there are actually laws on the books that favor male rapists over their female victims,
00:15:55
especially in cases like Franka's. So kidnapping and rape are illegal according to the Italian
00:16:02
criminal code, but there is a specific article, article number 544, that's basically a loophole.
00:16:08
And it states that charges like rape will be dropped if an accused perpetrator ends up marrying
00:16:14
his victim, even if the victim is a minor. And this is referred to as reparatory marriage.
00:16:21
Jesus. Yeah. There have been many Italian women throughout history who have been pressured
00:16:27
into marrying the man who raped them. Writer Niamh Cullen reports that, quote, the abduction of young women with the intention of forcing them into marriage
00:16:36
was a somewhat tolerated practice in Sicily and Southern Italy, occurring occasionally up into the 1960s. Such cases were often difficult to distinguish from
00:16:46
consensual elopements, and Viola's kidnappers intended to exploit this ambiguity between love
00:16:52
and violence, end quote. And we actually talked about this a tiny bit in episode 384 when I covered
00:16:59
Leonardo Cianculli, the soap maker of Coraggio. Leonardo's mother was a victim of rape, and she
00:17:07
was pressured into marrying her attacker. So I think we touched on that briefly, but several
00:17:13
people wrote in after we did that story saying, this is the story you need to tell now because
00:17:18
this is when that practice basically was ended. So this is what Filippo means when he says to
00:17:26
Franca, once I'm done with you, you won't be able to marry another man but me. He believes Franca
00:17:31
will think that she has no other option than to marry him after his attack. And when she does,
00:17:35
He'll avoid criminal charges through repertory marriage, and he'll get what he wanted all along, which is Franca Viola as his wife.
00:17:43
So now it's January 6th. Twelve days have passed since the kidnapping. Thanks to Bernardo and Vida Viola pretending to go along with Filippo the police have learned where he keeping Franca So when officers and the Violas arrive at that farmhouse that they took her to Filippo thinks his master plan is working He walks Franca outside She weak but she manages
00:18:08
to get away from him and get over to her father, collapsing into his arms. And Filippo is arrested,
00:18:15
but he's not concerned about it because he fully expects Franca to tell the police right there that
00:18:20
she intends to marry him. He's so confident, in fact, that he flashes a smile and cockily asks
00:18:26
the officers for a cigarette. Then he turns to Franca and waits for her to say those exonerating
00:18:32
words that she has accepted his marriage proposal. But as the podcast Case File reports, quote,
00:18:39
Franca paused in front of Filippo Melodia, looked him in the eye and told him, I will never marry
00:18:45
you. End quote. So as his grin fades, Filippo is then arrested and taken to jail. So probably an
00:18:55
amazing moment, but now Franca has to deal with the consequences of her decision. She's just
00:19:02
rejected a reparatory marriage proposal by doing so accepted her status as a quote, dishonored
00:19:09
woman. And it is reported that Frank Aviola is the first Sicilian woman to ever reject a
00:19:16
reparatory marriage proposal. She did it first. Wow. Like after all that time. Yeah.
00:19:23
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00:19:36
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00:19:41
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00:19:46
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00:19:51
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00:19:56
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00:20:00
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00:20:06
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00:20:11
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00:20:15
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00:22:12
Goodbye. In another break from traditional norms, Franka's family backs her entirely.
00:22:20
So there was a practice where it'd be like, if there was even an idea of that, then you would be shunned.
00:22:25
Yeah, yeah. Unfortunately, the community is not as supportive. In the days and weeks that follow, many people in Alcamo are openly hostile toward her and her family. No one's willing to hire Bernardo, and the family sinks deeper and deeper into financial ruin. And once again, Franca hardly leaves the house. But now, instead of being stalked and harassed by Filippo, she's actually being taunted and judged by her neighbors.
00:22:50
But there are some people around Alcamo who admire Franca's decision. Their feelings seem complicated at best. For example, Case File reports that, quote, during a council meeting for the town of Alcamo, it was proposed that the council stand in solidarity of Franca, her family, and all the others who had been bullied. The proposition was unanimously approved.
00:23:14
But when one counselor stood up and rhetorically requested a show of hands as to who among them would be willing to marry any dishonored woman, no one moved.
00:23:25
End quote. Which also is kind of like, but that doesn't mean they wouldn't do it.
00:23:29
It's just that you were asking people on the fly, basically, you know, like volunteer, say it now or whatever, where no one's that brave.
00:23:38
And that's why what Franca did was so powerful is because she was like breaking the norm.
00:23:44
Totally. So in December of 1966, Filippo Melodia's trial begins. Around 500 people show up to the courthouse to watch the proceedings.
00:23:54
Filippo and his attorneys have a clear tactic for his defense. They hope to appeal to those.
00:24:00
social values that favor a rapist over what society now sees as a dishonored female victim.
00:24:07
But they also straight up lie. Filippo claims that he and Franca shared a passionate love affair that her father sabotaged.
00:24:14
He claims that Franca consented to running away and having sex with him because she wanted
00:24:19
to marry him all along. And this was just her way of getting around her father's disapproval.
00:24:24
in response the prosecutors simply point to frank as brave actions of vocally turning down
00:24:31
a reparatory marriage which is the clearest indication that she never consented to any of
00:24:37
this and then frank herself testifies she talks about the harassment that she suffered at filipo's
00:24:43
hands as well as the horrors of being held captive and subjected to repeated sexual assaults frank
00:24:49
denies ever being in love with Filippo and condemns the societal pressure she's faced
00:24:53
to marry her own rapist. And she's 17 years old. Yeah. She bravely tells the court, quote,
00:25:02
I am the property of no one. No one can force me to love a person I do not respect.
00:25:06
Honor is lost by the one who does certain things, not the one who is subjected to them.
00:25:12
badass and with that the court sides with frank of viola filipo is found guilty and given an 11
00:25:22
year prison sentence for kidnap and rape it'll be reduced to 10 years following an appeal but
00:25:29
it's basically a groundbreaking finding yeah and eight of filipo's co-conspirators who helped
00:25:35
orchestrate and execute the kidnapping are also convicted so this whole thing is like
00:25:40
people turn on it. And what's kind of a bigger miracle is everything Franca had been told about
00:25:48
her life being ruined turns out to not be true at all. In fact, yeah, right? In 1968, when she's 20
00:25:55
years old, Franca marries her childhood sweetheart, 25-year-old accountant Giuseppe Ruizzi.
00:26:01
And to ensure their safety from any of Filippo's gang, they get married in a small private ceremony
00:26:07
held at dawn. Several police officers who worked on Franca's case are there both as wedding guests
00:26:14
and as security By this point Franca stand against Filippo has made her a national symbol of a modernizing Italy And after her wedding the Italian president and the prime minister send the newlyweds gifts
00:26:29
And Pope Paul VI holds a private meeting with the couple in Rome. Wow. Especially growing up in, you know, very Catholic culture.
00:26:41
the idea that not only is she not dishonored, not only is she not being judged by, you know,
00:26:48
something that she was a victim of, the idea that the Pope would have an audience with just the two
00:26:54
of them is essentially the Catholic Church telling society, you're not going to be doing that,
00:27:00
like, anymore, which is in and of itself a miracle. Like, not an institution known for
00:27:07
progressive thinking. That's incredible. I felt like I needed to tell you that because it felt
00:27:13
like you had mistaken the Catholic Church for being... Oh, I thought they were lenient and
00:27:18
forgiving. That's the Presbyterians. Got it. And then in 1970, an Italian filmmaker makes a movie
00:27:26
inspired by Franca's life called The Most Beautiful Wife. And this film cements Franca
00:27:32
viola as a national hero and a feminist icon yes franca who does not love the limelight is very
00:27:39
modest when she's asked about her legacy she says quote it was not a courageous gesture i only did
00:27:46
what i felt i had to do as this gets me as any other girl would do today i listened to my heart
00:27:54
end quote. And in 1976, Filippo Melodia is released from prison. Two years later,
00:28:03
as he was heading home from a neighborhood bar, he shot to death in a mafia style killing.
00:28:09
And then in 1981, 15 years after the trial, the repertory marriage article is finally repealed
00:28:16
from the Italian criminal code. Thank God. 81. Yeah. No, it's insane. 81. To the best of our
00:28:23
knowledge, Franca Viola is still alive and living a quiet life in Alcamo with her husband. She would
00:28:29
now be in her mid-70s, and writer Niamh Cullen says this about her, quote, Franca Viola's case
00:28:36
represented an important moment in modern Italian gender politics Her famous no represented a crucial step in the redefinition of marriage as a decision based on love equality and respect rather than shame
00:28:50
and coercion, and in the recognition of sexual and gender violence in Italian society, end quote.
00:28:57
And that's the inspiring story of Franca Viola, an Italian feminist icon. Wow. Like if she hadn't done that, it could have been decades more that that would have lasted.
00:29:07
It's a very human thing. I got this from Brene Brown. But that idea of being turned away by society is like a very deep down human fear. And like people will do anything to not be rejected, to not be discluded. So that idea that like society says this, this is how it is. It's more important for you to be a virgin than anything else, including your own safety and your own humanity.
00:29:35
and that kind of thing where people will hold something like that up for a really long time
00:29:41
if it means that them standing against it means they're expelled from society. Yeah. No, it's revolutionary what she did. I hope she's proud of herself because that's
00:29:50
just incredible. If she got a gift from the president and the prime minister, she's like,
00:29:56
I wonder what she got. I wish she had did an unboxing video. it also just reminds me that it's december of 2023 and women still do not have agency over their
00:30:09
own bodies in the united states of america so anybody that was just judging italy in the 60s
00:30:15
in some fucked up way let's get right with the fact that we need to make abortion legal across
00:30:21
the united states because women are people too and we need to have all the same rights as men do
00:30:28
That's right. Legal and safe. Please. God damn it. God damn it. 2023. Well, it's going to be 2024. So that's the year that everything changes.
00:30:38
That's the year we turn it back to how it is supposed to be. Well, turn it forward. Let's not go back.
00:30:48
Let's not go back. Can we? I would rather fast forward. Well, thanks for listening, you guys. I hope your December is going well. I hope you are
00:30:56
getting that big bow for that car you about to gift to someone like commercials The biggest bow Where do you get those Party city Get yourself a nice sugar cookie with a bunch of powdered sugar on top of it
00:31:12
That's right. And a pumpkin, whatever, latte, whatever you want. Whatever you like. Or peppermint. Maybe some kind of a peppermint in there.
00:31:19
And then lastly, stay sexy. And don't get murdered. Goodbye. Elvis, do you want a cookie?
00:31:29
This has been an Exactly Right production. Our senior producer is Alejandra Keck.
00:31:39
Our managing producer is Hannah Kyle Creighton. Our editor is Aristotle Acevedo.
00:31:43
This episode was mixed by Liana Scolacci. Our researchers are Maren McClashen and Allie Elkin.
00:31:49
Email your hometowns to MyFavoriteMurder at gmail.com. Follow the show on Instagram and Facebook at MyFavoriteMurder and Twitter at MyFaveMurder.
00:31:57
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Goodbye! While the world watches the stars at the FIFA World Cup, Hyundai has its eyes on the next generation of talent.
00:33:00
The future soccer stars who are already turning heads at age 14. Because Next doesn't wait for an invitation.
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