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Hello, and welcome to My Favorite Murder. I'm Georgia Hardstark, and Karen and I are taking a
00:01:48
short recording break this week in honor of Mental Health Awareness Month. So today we're bringing
00:01:53
you a listener's favorites quilt episode. We'll revisit the Zoot Suit Riots, originally aired in
00:01:59
July 2020. And then Karen will tell the story of Cleveland's legendary 10-cent beer night from
00:02:06
February 2023. That is absolutely a favorite of yours. Just to top it off, in support of Mental
00:02:11
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00:02:16
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00:02:22
all year round. Go to thetrevorproject.org to get more information and to donate yourself
00:02:27
or to get any help you need. And we hope you all take a little bit of time for yourself this month.
00:02:33
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00:05:38
So this week. I'm going to do what? Were you reading something? Can you hear it?
00:05:49
No, no. Reading. Oh, yeah. Like you just said that so slowly and staring straight ahead where I like what this going to be Karen So So I am doing the Zoot Suit Riots Oh shit Yes I don know how this has never
00:06:05
crossed my mind to do it. Like, it's always just kind of been an afterthought. And then I start
00:06:10
looking into it and it's bananas. Yes. And there's so much to know. It's our city here, Los Angeles,
00:06:17
that we know and love. So this is when Los Angeles experienced one of the most historically
00:06:23
significant episodes of racial violence in the 20th century known as the Zoot Suit Riots.
00:06:28
Yeah. So there's so much good information out there on the internet and podcasts and books.
00:06:35
Some of them I got from the hundreds, an article by Brandon Diaz, Smithsonian.com, an article by Alice Gregory, LADAilyMirror.com.
00:06:45
They have a bunch of old articles that you can read up there. There's an article by actual friend of the podcast, Alina Shatkin, who's a friend of
00:06:53
mine. She's a really great food writer, but she wrote an article on LAist about it.
00:06:58
Cool. Scholar, historian, Eduardo Obregan Pagan, who wrote Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon,
00:07:07
the book about it. And then there's a podcast called Latino Rebels Radio, and they posted an episode from Latino Media Collective, where they interviewed Professor
00:07:19
Gerardo Lacone and he's it's an incredible interview nice MercuryNews.com History Channel
00:07:25
has a documentary Thought Co article by Robert Longley Curbed LA article by Elijah
00:07:31
Chiland I mean there's just so much out there so did you now may I ask please did you watch the film
00:07:38
Zoot Suit starring Edward James almost I did it's so good it's so good yeah I mentioned
00:07:44
I mentioned it at the end of the end of this it's like I saw that in the theater
00:07:48
you did i know it came out yeah yeah 81 80 81 yeah i and all i remember is yeah but it was like if it was playing downtown we'd just go see we saw everything yeah um and
00:08:01
he i just remember edward james almost in those zoot suits or whatever and that leaned back thing
00:08:09
that like i think it just was the stylistic fascinating kind of thing that i'd never seen
00:08:15
or heard of before. It was like, did they invent something new? And it's like, no, no, no, no.
00:08:18
This is Latino history. This is origin shit. This is. And I just had no fucking clue. And
00:08:27
there's... Okay. And it goes so deep. And I'm obviously not going to do a great job in 10
00:08:33
pages of getting to everything. So please do read about it and look it up because there's so many
00:08:39
connotations that come along with this. Anyways. Yeah. So let's first start with a little history.
00:08:45
The Mexican Revolution, which lasted roughly from 1910 to 1920, caused many Mexican families to immigrate to Los Angeles.
00:08:53
So much so that by the 1930s, new immigration from Mexico, migration from other states, and the longtime presence of multi-generational residents dating back to the Rancheros had made Los Angeles home to the largest concentration of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans living in the U.S.
00:09:11
The working class communities, most of which were concentrated to the diverse east side of Los Angeles.
00:09:17
Everyone here knows that the east side was historically Mexican and Mexican-American families, like Boyle Heights and Lincoln Heights, were traditional, conservative, and self-contained.
00:09:30
And actually, so my family immigrated here from Eastern Europe to Los Angeles in the 20s as well, or late teens, early 20s.
00:09:38
And Boyle Heights was kind of the only place where anyone who wasn't white could live.
00:09:43
So there was a big Jewish population there as well. And that's where my family's from.
00:09:47
So from Boyle Heights? Uh-huh. Oh, nice. Those houses are rad. Amazing. Yeah. But it was like a lot of farmland too.
00:09:55
I have old photos of my grandma and like the farmland. It reminds me of something else.
00:10:00
And this could actually be in another Edward James almost film, Stand and Deliver, one of the great, another great 80s movie.
00:10:06
that as a teen, I was like, I'm so inspired. Maybe I'm going to take calculus. There's no fucking way.
00:10:12
But, and I can't remember, it might be from that. It might just be, you know, other stuff I read,
00:10:18
but it was some kind of thing where somebody yelling, like, go back to your country, to Mexicans.
00:10:25
And Mexicans being like, bitch, this is our, we were here long before you. This is all, this is part of Mexico.
00:10:31
Like, what are you talking about? You're in our country. That's part of this story.
00:10:36
Right. So the Mexican-American communities in Los Angeles had faced decades of discrimination,
00:10:42
you know, including not being allowed to patronize or even work in many of the businesses.
00:10:47
So like even waiting tables at a restaurant they weren't allowed to do. They could be the busboy
00:10:52
at the most. And even they were expected to step off the sidewalk when white pedestrians passed
00:10:58
them. So it was just incredible discrimination. By the 1940s, L.A. had a Mexican-American
00:11:05
population of over 250,000. And many of those families now had teenagers that had grown up in
00:11:11
Los Angeles. So this is where they're from. While their parents had been immigrants or had lived
00:11:18
there for generations, this is their hometown. This is where they're from. And so they felt like
00:11:23
the city was theirs as well. And what do teenagers do? They fucking rebel. And these teenagers were
00:11:29
no different. So known as Pachucos. So Pachucos are the youth of this counterculture and they're
00:11:37
experiencing this huge cultural and generational gap between themselves and their parents. It kind
00:11:43
of reminded me of like Rebel Without a Cause, the way they were like, we don't want the norms that
00:11:47
you're used to. We need to break out of what's going on, you know, and pave our own way. Yeah.
00:11:53
And they were they were fucking over discrimination that their parents and grandparents had experienced and they wanted to create their own identities Enter the zoot suit So the fashion trend I didn fucking know this at all
00:12:06
had first been popularized during the 1930s in Harlem's jazz dance hall scene, and predominantly worn by Black teenagers.
00:12:15
So that's where it started. I didn't know that at all. With Black teenagers, super in, you know, the jazz scene.
00:12:21
the extravagantly styled two-piece suit so just people who don't know it typically included the
00:12:28
bright color fabric knee length suit coats so it almost looked like a like a overcoat but yeah it
00:12:35
was a suit coat down to the knees they had excessively wide shoulders it was very flamboyant
00:12:40
and extravagant the flowing pants that ballooned out at the knee and tapered really tight at the
00:12:45
ankle I read a thing that sometimes they were so tight that you had to put lubricant on your feet
00:12:49
to get it over your feet. It was just like, it was just this like, it was purposely ostentatious.
00:12:56
Yeah. You know what I mean? And part of the reason that it was so tight, it was also like
00:13:01
function because they were jitterbugging, they were doing these amazing dances. And so having
00:13:06
flowing pants at the ankle would get in the way. So that's pretty cool. That's where that came from.
00:13:12
And these weren't suits you could buy at the store. Either you had to go to a specialty tailor,
00:13:16
or you could take a regular suit that was two sizes too large and have that tailored
00:13:21
the right way. So what I didn't realize about this style of dress is that the ostentatiousness
00:13:27
and the flamboyance of the suit itself was a way of refusing to be ignored and dismissed
00:13:32
as a minority. Hell yes. Right? So, and this is such a youth culture thing of, fuck you, I'm not fitting in and I'm going to look, you know, loud and get attention.
00:13:45
I'm not going to fade into the background. Right. I'm not going to step off the sidewalk because you're walking by.
00:13:51
I get to be like, it's like I get to take up space and I get to be here as I am.
00:13:56
Exactly. Exactly. So minorities and people of color have always been expected to blend in and kind of be behind
00:14:02
the scenes. You know, like they were menial workers. They were making everything comfortable for white people.
00:14:08
But the rebellious youth refused to fade into the background. And that's what the zoot suit represented.
00:14:14
Plus, the amount of material and tailoring required to make them, made them a luxury item.
00:14:21
So it was like a defiance against their association as a second class citizen. You know, they'd save up all their money and they'd have these luxury tailor-made suits.
00:14:31
They were essentially, I wrote, they were essentially bawling, shot calling. One could say.
00:14:38
if you're having a hard time relating to what this means, that truly the definition of bawling and shot calling.
00:14:46
Right. And so the Zoot Suit becomes a symbol of counterculture and empowers young Black and Mexican youth
00:14:51
to express their individualistic identity within their culture and society. Fucking both Cesar Chavez and Malcolm X
00:15:00
were Zoot Suit wearers. Nice. Right? Mm-hmm. Now the female members of this counterculture
00:15:06
are called pachucas. And they wear tight sweaters and short for the time skirts that are like flared
00:15:13
out. You can see them in the movie Zoot Suit. They have fishnets. They have high hairdos and
00:15:19
big earrings and heavy makeup. It was rumored that some of the pachucas would hide knives in
00:15:24
their like bouffants. Yes, I've heard that. So knives and razor blades. Yeah, I mean, love it.
00:15:30
I hate violence. I'm against violence. That's badass. It really well, because if you need it,
00:15:36
Right. If you need it, throw it up in that hair. That's right. Do it. Other pachukas would actually wear zoot suits themselves.
00:15:42
And that was a way to rebel against gender norms, which is so ahead of its time and incredible.
00:15:48
That's badass. I know. I know. So Catherine Ramirez, she wrote the book Woman in a Zoot Suit, wrote, quote,
00:15:56
These youths refused to accept the racialized norms of segregated America with their flashy ensembles, distinct slang, extra cash generated by a booming war economy and rebellious attitude.
00:16:09
Pachucos and Pachucas participated in a spectacular subculture and threatened the social order by visibly occupying spaces, public spaces.
00:16:20
Hell yeah. So in Los Angeles, Pachucos adopt the Zoot Suit in order to brand themselves as rebels.
00:16:26
But white people see Zoot Suits as unpatriotic and Zooters, as they're called, quickly become branded as a negative thing.
00:16:35
So this is partly due to the fact. So it's early 1940s. We get into World War II.
00:16:42
The U.S. enters World War II in 1941. And the rationing of resources and the commercial manufacture of civilian clothing becomes strictly regulated because both fabric and the time and energy is focused on the war effort.
00:16:56
So, so Zooters become a public enemy because of the amount of fabric it took to make the Zoot suits.
00:17:06
Because of racism. Because that's an excuse for you to be racist. Yeah. Yep. So bootleg tailors continue to make the zoot suits, which uses a lot of rationed fabrics.
00:17:16
And so white people view the zoot suit itself as harmful to the war effort and the young people who
00:17:21
wear them are seen as un-American and unpatriotic, which is just an excuse for the racism.
00:17:28
It's always that. It's unpatriotic. You're against the military. Exactly. It's all this. It's. Yeah.
00:17:33
Right. Yes. A hundred percent. Especially because by World War Two, migration had peaked, so there was a lot of tension going on in Los Angeles.
00:17:43
And don't forget that this was also a time when Japanese Americans were forcibly sent
00:17:47
to internment camps Japanese Americans who lived and thrived in Los Angeles were forcibly removed from their homes and businesses and sent to internment camps for the duration of the war So obviously racism is rampant and blanket society And that this is just I think we talked about this before
00:18:07
but when the Japanese were sent to those internment camps, many Japanese people lived in Southern California because they were here to grow the citrus groves,
00:18:16
which used to be everywhere down here, just everywhere. And like in Burbank, every other street has like a lemon tree or an orange tree on it.
00:18:23
That's why Orange County is called Orange County. It was mile after mile. And when they interned the Japanese, they stole their land.
00:18:31
They stole their property. And people like Bob Hope went in and bought up all of this stolen land.
00:18:38
And then it was just when those American citizens who happened to be Japanese got released from those internment camps.
00:18:44
They just didn't have anything because it's so ugly. It's one of the most disgusting historical times in our...
00:18:54
Well, they all are. Okay. There's so many. There's so many to pick from. We'll talk about all of them.
00:18:58
On this podcast today. Okay. So throwing lighter fluid onto this fire is the fact that a naval school for the Naval
00:19:06
Reserve Armory was built in Chavez Ravine. It's a primarily Hispanic neighborhood.
00:19:13
It's named after Julian Chavez, a rancher who eventually served as assistant mayor, city councilman, and became one of L.A. County's first supervisors.
00:19:22
So that area, you guys will know, it's where Dodger Stadium is, which I'll get to later.
00:19:26
But Dodger Stadium was built in Chavez Ravine. The area had been home and it's kind of these beautiful rolling hills.
00:19:35
It's this really lush, lovely place in Los Angeles. It's right above Echo Park, if you've ever been here.
00:19:41
And the area had been home to generations of Mexican-American families. And the city used imminent domain, that motherfucking bitch, to clear out some of those homes.
00:19:51
And then sailors that had... So they put the sailors in this Mexican-American neighborhood of Chavez Ravine.
00:20:00
And then sailors had to cut through those neighborhoods to get downtown. So they'd be going downtown to drink.
00:20:07
They'd come back through those neighborhoods. So of course, there's going to be tension.
00:20:10
and there'd be cat calling. There'd be all kinds of, you know, tussles and that sort of thing happening.
00:20:16
Stuff to start fights with. Exactly. I think those buildings are still there too.
00:20:20
If you're driving off the five to get into Dodger Stadium to get tested for COVID now is what it's for.
00:20:27
Yeah. You'll see these old buildings and I think that's where it's from. Wow. Pretty interesting.
00:20:32
Thank you, Sean Penn, by the way. You know, Sean Penn's the reason all that COVID testing is set up at Dodger Stadium.
00:20:37
You're kidding. I swear to God. I didn't know that. I don't know if he's financing it, if he organized it or what, but that's his thing.
00:20:44
And I know a couple of people who have done it and they say you pull up and the line looks
00:20:49
insanely long. It's you're done like that. I've heard that, too. That's great. Yeah.
00:20:53
Yeah. Everyone be careful. This is not a joke. Wear a mask. OK. By the summer of 1943, tensions between the thousands of white U.S. servicemen station
00:21:05
in and around Los Angeles and the Pachucos are running high because we also have
00:21:09
ports here. There was stationed in San Diego all along the coast up through LA. There's a lot of
00:21:16
servicemen here. Right. So many of the LA area servicemen view the Zooters as draft dodgers,
00:21:22
despite the fact that nearly half a million Mexican Americans are serving in the military
00:21:26
at the time. And a lot of the Zoot suited Pachucos are teenagers. So like 12 through 16.
00:21:34
So they're actually too young to even be eligible. So it's false. Yeah. Okay. So before we get to the
00:21:39
suit suit riots, we have to go over the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial, which happens a year before
00:21:45
the riots and is considered a precursor to them. So Sleepy Lagoon was a rural reservoir. And this
00:21:53
is another thing is a lot of Los Angeles, which is now overdeveloped and crazy, was rural. So like
00:21:58
even Chavez Ravine was rural, rural, hate rural, rural, rural, rural, rural. So it's a rural
00:22:07
Reservoir on the east side of Los Angeles and what is now Commerce. And it's a popular swimming
00:22:13
hole, hangout spot, Lover's Lane for Mexican-Americans, partly because they're banned
00:22:18
from segregated public pools. So that's where they swim. In the early hours of the morning on August
00:22:25
2nd, 1942, a brawl breaks out at a birthday party near Sleepy Lagoon. When police arrive,
00:22:32
they find an unconscious and mortally injured 22-year-old named Jose Diaz on a nearby dirt road.
00:22:40
He dies shortly after being taken to the hospital. His cause of death is inconclusive,
00:22:44
although he has severe blunt force trauma to the back of his head. They think it's from being,
00:22:50
you know, jumped or hit, or it could be from a car accident. They actually, he might have gotten thrown off a motorcycle. They don't know for sure.
00:22:58
But authorities blame his death and the big fight that had happened at the party on this so-called, quote, Mexican youth gang problem in Los Angeles.
00:23:08
So in the following days, and there's amazing pictures from this, and I'm sure we'll post one on Instagram in the episode post.
00:23:16
The LAPD arrests 17 Mexican-American teens that are associated with the so-called 38th Street gang.
00:23:24
And the word gang is really different back then. You know, it's not what you think of now. So these kids who lived around 38th Street that hung out together are called a gang when really it's just teenagers hanging out together.
00:23:38
Yeah, there's no, they're not getting jumped in. There's not like you have to go now do violence or whatever. It's more just like kids that are all from the same neighborhood.
00:23:48
I mean, that's how my dad grew up in San Francisco. It's just like you kind of represented your neighborhood.
00:23:54
Right. And then on the weekends, you'd get drunk and street fight people. My dad used to love to say that.
00:23:58
He goes, oh, if we couldn't fight other people. to fight. We just all fight ourselves because he had four brothers. So, yeah.
00:24:04
Yeah, exactly. So 38 string gang quote. And despite lack of sufficient evidence,
00:24:10
the young men are collectively charged with the murder of Diaz. They're denied bail and they're
00:24:16
held in prison and they become known as the Sleepy Lagoon defendants and they're paraded in front of
00:24:21
the press. And part of the reason is because the LAPD, there's been a lot of false newspaper
00:24:27
articles about this Mexican youth gang problem. And so LAPD is like, look what we're doing about
00:24:34
it. And they parade them in front of the press to make it seem like they're actually taking care of
00:24:38
it. But really, all it does is make people even more afraid. So by the end of the week,
00:24:46
police have used the excuse of Diaz's death to further arrest hundreds of Mexican Americans
00:24:52
in nightly sweeps for offenses that are just trumped up, like even possessing a draft card
00:24:59
with an incorrect address. You can get arrested for unlawful assemblage, like all of these,
00:25:05
you know, they're just arresting people. Yeah. And they single out youths in zoot suits in
00:25:10
particular. Cops line up outside of dance halls and they have like pokers that they,
00:25:16
with razor sharp blades that they use to rip the peg top trousers of the zoot suits of the boys.
00:25:22
as they come out. So there's a lot of photos from back then of kids that have clearly been in fights
00:25:28
and the trouser of their legs are ripped. So the media doesn't help matters and prints incredibly
00:25:35
racist headlines that history has shown were not supported by either facts or statistics. And in
00:25:41
fact, the government statistics from that time found no increase in youth crime or delinquency.
00:25:47
So talking about it now, it's completely trumped up. And it's basically just how dare you wear these outfits and say that you belong.
00:25:59
Yeah. That it's your city. Stay in your fucking lane, essentially, is what they're saying.
00:26:03
So in order to scare people, the press referred to the Zooters as a, quote, Mexican goon squad.
00:26:09
And they called them delinquents and hoodlums. And they also distribute false stories of Mexican boys prowling in wolf packs armed with clubs and knives and tire irons.
00:26:18
They say they're invading homes, peaceful homes. It's all nonsense. So after months of racist media coverage that goes nationwide, including a fucking Disney cartoon in which a Donald Duck beats up another duck dressed in a zoot suit for being unpatriotic.
00:26:36
Fucking Disney. The Sleepy Lagoon defendants go on trial in October of 1942. There's never any testimony that anyone saw one of the defendants strike the victim.
00:26:48
Like no one can put any of these defendants with or near the victim. And some of the defendants can't even be placed at the murder scene.
00:26:58
And yet Judge Frick permits the chief of the Foreign Relations Bureau of the Los Angeles Sheriff's Office to testify as a, quote, expert witness.
00:27:06
he says that Mexicans as a community, he testifies this in court, have a bloodthirst and a biological predisposition
00:27:15
to crime and killing because of the culture of human sacrifice practiced by their Aztec fucking ancestors.
00:27:22
Jesus Christ. Yeah. That's a stretch because the Aztecs haven't been around for a while.
00:27:29
A. And B, have you ever heard of Vikings? Have you ever heard of... Racial profiles?
00:27:34
The Celts. Have you heard? Have you ever heard of every single human clan has always had?
00:27:43
Exactly. The trial ends on January 13th, 1943, when three of the 17 defendants are convicted of
00:27:50
first degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. Nine others are convicted of second degree murder and sentenced to five years to life.
00:27:57
And the other five defendants are convicted of assault. So following the Sleepy Lagoon case, there's a lot of hate towards the Mexican-American community and U.S. servicemen, most of whom, by the way, grew up in other states.
00:28:11
So they had had very little contact with people of Mexican and Latinx descent. They're now streaming into Southern California to prepare for war and are getting into violent altercations with young Mexican-American Zooters.
00:28:25
And you also got to think they're fresh out of boot camp. They're also fucking young men, you know.
00:28:30
And they have this, they have what they think is this patriotism that allows them to fight for their country. And they see these, you know, others as not American. And it's just, I mean, it's a, what's it called? Tinderbox, you know?
00:28:48
Yeah. So. But also, but it is that thing of there's people from small towns all over this country where they show up and instead of going, I'm new to the big city. Right. Right. They start looking at people who've, who've parents have lived there for generations and say, hey, get, hey, foreigner. I mean, like, that's just that American ignorance. That's so tragic.
00:29:13
This entire country is made up of foreigners. Yeah. I hate to tell you. I hate to tell you.
00:29:21
I love you to tell me about it. I hate to tell you. Listen, New Zealand, can you get me and Karen and Stephen?
00:29:30
Can we get in there, please? Okay. They're like, hell no. Only a week prior to the outbreak of what would become the Zoot Suit Riots,
00:29:38
a number of Mexican-Americans dancing at the Aragon Ballroom in Santa Monica in Venice are
00:29:45
attacked by a mob of American servicemen and bystanders after rumors spread that a sailor
00:29:50
had been stabbed which there no police report to corroborate that An LAPD officer later says that quote the only thing we could do to break it up was arrest the Mexican kids So that that sounds like a setup Yeah That almost sounds like a burning car at 3 p on La Brea and Fairfax
00:30:08
Doesn't it? Or a guy with an umbrella breaking a fucking window at a fucking. What is it? What was the place? An auto parts store?
00:30:17
That was in Minneapolis. Yeah. The big tall guy with the that covered himself entirely and completely got caught because everyone's now onto that shit.
00:30:26
Yeah. OK. So modern times. It's the worst. I want to make clear that these are normal teen teenagers who are rebelling.
00:30:35
So, of course, they get into trouble. There's some escalated issues. There are some that are, you know, looking to fights.
00:30:44
You know, it's the normal teenage thing that both you and I and everyone we know who's cool went through as teenagers.
00:30:52
So, you know, there were these there were cases of shit going down, but it was normal teenage stuff.
00:30:59
But that's the same thing as like in these in the protests, there will be a person here and there that's going to be like, I'm going to loot that store.
00:31:07
Yeah. And then that is what's manipulated and turned into this is what these people are.
00:31:12
Yeah. And it's, yeah. Right. So I don't want to seem like I'm, I want to make clear that I
00:31:16
understand that. And it's partly from the fact that there's a wartime effort now that's growing
00:31:23
and includes women being able to work in these labor, in the labor force. So women and like
00:31:31
mothers and grandmothers are now working in the labor force. So they're away from home. The fathers
00:31:36
are either at war or they're working as well. The demands of the war effort made it so both parents
00:31:42
were working and out of the house for the first time. And they're also working through the night.
00:31:49
So kids are, you know, they have a freedom they didn't have before and they're not being looked after the same way because of that.
00:31:55
So... And they're, but then they're also being watched in a different way, probably than they had before.
00:32:00
And police records at the time, though, show that there wasn't, there's no escalation from regular juvenile delinquency.
00:32:07
So it's not it. There is no proof that it was worse at the time. It was normal juvenile delinquency.
00:32:15
Government statistics reported at the time found no increase in youth crime. And also the other thing that scared people is that the police officers, a lot of them are away at war as well.
00:32:24
So people are already primed and ready to be scared of, you know, this fictitious mob that's going to come after them because they're not protected by the police.
00:32:34
So it's a crazy story in that so many little things had to add up to what happened.
00:32:41
Right. And they fucking did. So all this tension is simmering. Rumors are flying.
00:32:47
And just the sight of a zoot suit at this point is enough to fucking piss people off.
00:32:52
Until one night in early June, an altercation between a sailor and a pachuco escalates into a brawl outside a bar in downtown L.A.
00:32:59
And this sailor gets maybe gets knocked unconscious. We don't really know. There's a rumor that a sailor gets stabbed.
00:33:07
That's never corroborated. And so the following day, the following night of June 3rd, around 50 sailors leave the armory, flanked with makeshift weapons, and they want to get revenge for the fight from the night before.
00:33:21
So at the Carmen Theater downtown in downtown L.A., they get the house lights turned on.
00:33:28
And like 50 sailors, they roam the aisles looking for Zooters. They find two boys.
00:33:32
Their ages are 12 and 13. No. They yank them out of their seats. And it says ignoring the protests of the patrons.
00:33:40
So, you know, the people there were not fucking cool with it. The sailors drag them on stage.
00:33:45
They rip the zoot suits off these kids. And they beat the boys up and they set the zoot suits on fire.
00:33:52
Jesus Christ. And this is the start of the zoot suit riots. And so this becomes a kind of a theme of humiliation and violence.
00:34:01
The next night, over 200 sailors grab a fleet of 20 taxi cabs, which the taxi cabs waived the fare to transport them, and decide to take the fight into the Mexican-American neighborhoods of East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights.
00:34:16
And the sailors cruise the neighborhoods. They storm into bars and cafes and theaters.
00:34:21
There's nowhere that's safe. And, you know, violence continues on the night of June 4th and 5th.
00:34:28
Confrontations between servicemen and zuters occurring all over the city. And some military personnel start targeting anyone who looks to be of Mexican descent.
00:34:38
Like, they don't even care about zoot suits anymore. They're berserking. Yeah. On June 5th, a group of Mexican musicians from El Paso are assaulted as they exit the Aztec
00:34:48
recording company, even though they're not wearing zoot suits at all. The racist press encourages a serviceman.
00:34:55
The Hearst's own Herald and Express publishes inflammatory stories, including one that warned of 500 Zooters planning to kill every cop they came across.
00:35:06
You know, the Los Angeles Times applauds rioters for teaching Zoot suiters a lesson.
00:35:11
But the media just happens to suppress any mention of the white mobs that are actually,
00:35:17
you know, the fucking rioters. They're the rioters. And one Los Angeles paper prints a guide on how to de-zoot a zoot-sooter.
00:35:26
So like, Jesus Christ. However, a reporter for the city's Black weekly newspaper,
00:35:33
the California Eagle, named Charlotta Spears-Bass, she writes a piece blasting mainstream newspapers for race-baiting
00:35:41
and calls for Black readers to stand with Latinos. And there is a camaraderie there with the zoot-soots and these teenage rebellion.
00:35:49
They understand that they borrowing this culture this jazz culture from another culture And they all kind of stand together which is incredible And also another thing that could fucking scare racists is you know camaraderie
00:36:06
Yes. You know what I mean? Is, yes, is marginalized people laying down any kind of biases
00:36:12
or patriots that they have and banding together. I mean, yeah. Yeah. On the night of June 7th,
00:36:20
a crowd of 5,000 civilians gather downtown. So it's civilians, it's soldiers, Marines, sailors from other stations as far away as Las Vegas.
00:36:30
They fucking get on board and come down to like fight this fight. A witness to the attacks, a journalist named Carrie McWilliams writes, quote,
00:36:41
marching through the streets of downtown Los Angeles, a mob of several thousand soldiers, sailors and civilians proceeded to beat up every zoot suitor they could find.
00:36:51
Jesus. And there's photos of this. There's these two young boys sitting. One is clearly been beaten and unconscious.
00:36:59
The other one's like hunching over him naked. And there's a crowd circling them.
00:37:07
It's pure humiliation and violence. A man named Vincente Morales and his girlfriend
00:37:12
were at a show at the Orthium Theater, which is a friend of the podcast. Friend of the pod.
00:37:17
Where sailors drag him out of the building, strip him of his clothing and beat him unconscious.
00:37:23
And when he comes to LAPD, the officers arrest him for disturbing the peace. It's so oppressive.
00:37:33
It's so upsetting and oppressive. And if you think it's that much different from the way it is today,
00:37:39
you're reading the wrong fucking newspaper. Yeah. You know? Yeah. As rioting spreads into predominantly Black neighborhoods
00:37:47
like Watts, Latinos join with Black residents to mount a resistance with hundreds gathering. There's a
00:37:54
Coca-Cola plant on Central Avenue, I guess. Years later, participant Rudy Leivos tells the LA Times
00:38:02
reporter, quote, toward evening, we started hiding in alleys. Then we sent about 20 guys right out
00:38:08
into the middle of the street as decoys. They started coming after the decoys. Then we came out.
00:38:14
They were surprised. It was the first time anybody was organized to fight back. Nice.
00:38:20
So they fucking joined forces like the fucking X-Men. The police arrest dozens of young Mexican-Americans.
00:38:26
And when one of them asks, why am I being arrested? The response is that they get savagely fucking beat with a nightstick.
00:38:35
For asking that. When the boy falls to the sidewalk unconscious, he's kicked in the face by police.
00:38:40
Please remember these are 13, 14, 15-year-old children. Junior high students. Yep.
00:38:46
Getting the shit kicked out of them by fully grown adults who have been trained in this.
00:38:53
Yeah. Military combat. Exactly. So at midnight on June 8th, my birthday. Hey. Happy birthday.
00:38:59
Again. Happy birthday. Thank you. The Navy and Marine Corps finally intervene and declare downtown.
00:39:05
So all this, you know, they intervene. All this shit happens that they're like trying to restore order.
00:39:12
So they say. but the fucking the the riot lasts until june 10th essentially oh my god their official position
00:39:20
is that their men were acting in self-defense um on june 9th the la city council passes an
00:39:26
emergency resolution that makes it illegal ready for this makes it illegal to wear a zoot suit
00:39:32
on city streets not to beat the fucking shit out of someone for their outfit And actually, what's really fucking interesting is that the War Production Board, which is a government agency that oversees industrial manufacturing, they put out all these guidelines.
00:39:50
They make it required that manufacturers use 26% less fabric when they're making suits, which effectively criminalizes the manufacturer of zoot suits, which is the first time any piece of clothing has ever been criminalized.
00:40:03
Whoa. Yeah. So, you know, it keeps happening in other cities as well. There's no reported deaths, but more than 150 people are injured in the L.A. riots and police end up arresting more than 600 Mexican-Americans on charges ranging from rioting to vagrancy.
00:40:20
Only a few servicemen are arrested overall. In total, the riots last 10 days from June 3rd to June 10th.
00:40:28
Shit. And so no one died? Wait, that's not 10 days. The riots lasted 10 days from June 3rd.
00:40:35
Nope. June 13th. That's not 10 days. I'm going to say June 1st to June 10th. Or it lasted seven days.
00:40:44
But it's early June is like the known, you know, they ended. Who knows what the last day was is what I'm trying to say.
00:40:51
Gotcha. What did you say? What were you saying? That no one died, you said. There's no reported deaths.
00:40:56
Reported deaths. Like officially. Right. Right. So afterward, in response to a formal protest from the Mexican embassy, we're like, I'm sorry, what the fuck?
00:41:06
A special committee is appointed to determine the cause of the riots. And the committee concludes that racism is the root cause of the violence and also places the blame on the press for associating Zooters with a supposed crime wave.
00:41:20
Good. Yeah. But L.A. Mayor Fletcher Bauron is intent on preserving the city's public image and declares that Mexican juvenile delinquents and racist white Southerners are the ones who caused the riots.
00:41:35
So their fault. We didn't do anything wrong. He claims that racial prejudice is not and would not become an issue in Los Angeles.
00:41:44
No. Guys, come on. We got some news for you from the future. Yeah. It's not a friend of your podcast.
00:41:54
Admit it now Admit it now The Un Activities Committee attempts to prove that the Zoot Suit Riots were sponsored by Nazi agencies
00:42:05
attempting to spread, you know, their Nazi propaganda between the United States and Latin American countries.
00:42:12
But of course, not surprising, nothing comes out of that. Yeah, but let's bookmark that for another time
00:42:18
because I feel like it couldn't be more relevant today. Right. In the aftermath...
00:42:24
Okay, so that's the Zoot Suit Riots. In the aftermath, the Sleepy Lagoon trial, remember that?
00:42:31
Yeah. The community organizes the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, SLDC. And by 1944, they raise enough money to bring the case to the Second District Court of Appeals,
00:42:44
wherein the judge, Clement Nye, overturns the verdict citing insufficient evidence,
00:42:50
the denial of the defendant's right to counsel, and the overt bias of Judge Frick in the courtroom.
00:42:57
All 17 defendants are released in 1944 from prison with their criminal records expunged.
00:43:05
So that's post-Zoot Suit Riots. Officially, the death of Jose Diaz from the Sleepy Lagoon murder remains unsolved.
00:43:13
But before her death in 1991, a former Pachuca named Lorena Encinas confides to her children that her brother Louis, who's dead, was the one who beat and killed Jose Diaz that night, which we don't know if it's true or not, but that was her confession.
00:43:31
There's so much more. Please look into the Chavez Ravine and see about imminent domain and what ended up happening, that they fucking forcibly removed the remaining Mexican-American homeowners who'd lived there for generations.
00:43:43
they ripped them out of their homes they bulldozed them home they gave them fucking pennies on the dollar
00:43:48
what their homes were worth because they were going to redevelop the land in high-end homes
00:43:53
which didn't happen and the city ends up fucking selling that very fucking crucial land
00:44:00
at a huge profit it's sold to the owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers Walter O'Malley who starts building the Dodger Stadium in 1959
00:44:08
that is a fucking blight on our fucking city, Dodger Stadium And I really suggest people look into that.
00:44:16
I mean, it's a great fucking, I love the Dodgers, love the stadium, love going to it.
00:44:21
It is an ugly time in history of what happened there. Horrifying. Yeah. And it also hasn't changed too much in that.
00:44:29
And I won't get into it because I actually, I've only very recently been reading about it,
00:44:33
but is this is like kind of the spine of gentrification in that way where people that are from an area, especially in Los Angeles,
00:44:42
and the way people migrate to this town, and then the actual families and the people that have lived there for a long time
00:44:49
are forced out, and because then those rents go up, and you've got all the people that are like,
00:44:55
I'm going to be on a pilot this year. Well, it's urban sprawl, and so when you put entire cultures
00:45:03
in a certain neighborhood and segregate them to that neighborhood, then when you want that neighborhood back,
00:45:09
it's not like, you know, the city is naturally growing. You fucking steal that land back
00:45:13
even though you told them that's the only place they could live. You build freeways through their fucking homes
00:45:18
so that the houses are worth less or they're divided from, you know, quote, better parts of town.
00:45:25
You know, the whole LA freeway system, there was a recent LA Times article about it,
00:45:29
how fucking racist and how race played into us building, like the freeways make no sense here.
00:45:36
You're on the 405 and you want to get to fucking Hollywood. It's going to take you forever.
00:45:39
It's because of those neighborhoods. Because they were building them through. They certainly weren't building them
00:45:45
through Hancock Park. No, they were not. That's for sure. No, they were building them through Inglewood.
00:45:49
So it's ugly. As for the zoot suit itself, although it did fall out of fashion eventually,
00:45:54
the part it played in challenging the entrenched roles of race, gender, and class identities of mainstream America
00:46:00
during World War II has not been forgotten. In 1978, actor and playwright Luis Valdez wrote the play Zoot Suit.
00:46:08
It's the first play on Broadway made by someone of Mexican descent. And I know. And that got turned into a movie, 1981, starring Daniel Valdez, who's so cute and sweet, and
00:46:19
Edward James Almos. And actually, in 2016, Los Angeles County Museum of Art searched out a Zoot Suit to
00:46:27
display as part of their, like, they had a history of men's fashion. and it cost them nearly 80 grand to acquire a like legit old school Zoot Suit.
00:46:36
Because they had been destroyed and kind of targeted that way where it was so impossible
00:46:41
to find them? Probably. Wow. There's been a push from historians to change the name from Zoot Suit Riots, which fucking
00:46:48
implies that it was the Zooters who were rioting, to the Sailor Riots, but that hasn't stuck yet.
00:46:55
And yeah, that's the story of the Zoot Suit Riots and the Sleepy Lagoon murder. wow the book that you can read if you want to know more is murder at the sleepy lagoon
00:47:05
zoot suits race and riot in wartime la by eduardo obringon pagan p-a-g-a-n is the last name
00:47:12
wow that's amazing that's such a good history lesson and living in the city it's really
00:47:17
embarrassing yeah that i don't know anything about it's it's just that feeling every time
00:47:22
it's the same feeling of of watching um that oj special and learning all about the watts riots
00:47:29
We're just like, how come I, you know, we don't know these things. They don't teach it in school because they don't.
00:47:36
Because it makes us look bad. Right. And like, that's somehow not okay to be like, we did a really horrible thing, but we're learning from it, you know?
00:47:45
Yeah, because I think a lot of people aren't there yet and a lot of people in charge aren't there yet.
00:47:50
Yeah. Or whatever. Great job. Thank you. That was really good. Thank you. That was a really, thank you to Lily for all her research notes.
00:47:57
That was a really, that was a, that was an interesting one. I, I definitely spent a lot of time researching that
00:48:01
and I could have spent a lot fucking more time. Like there's so many good articles
00:48:04
from every different angle. Cool. I definitely want to look up. Did you say the Getty is the museum that got,
00:48:12
because they were doing the fashion? Sorry. No, no. In 2016, Los Angeles County Museum of Art,
00:48:17
they had a thing called Raining Men, R-E-I-G-N-I-N-G, Raining Men Fashion in Menswear from 1715 to 2015.
00:48:28
Oh shit. Sounds fucking cool. Yeah. I was going to say one thing really quickly.
00:48:33
I texted my grandma to confirm because my mom's side of my family has been here.
00:48:37
I mean, for generations. And my grandma's brother was actually a zoot suitor. Really?
00:48:43
But he entered the army. So I wonder if he and I now I want to like call my grandma and ask her like, I wonder if maybe he avoided this because.
00:48:52
And they were in Orange County. They were in L.A. and Orange County, right? Yeah.
00:48:55
Yeah. Well, my grandma specifically grew up here. my mom grew up in Atwater Village.
00:48:59
Wow. We grew up, yeah. So now next time I see my grandma, I want to learn more of this
00:49:06
because I want to know. Steven, please ask your grandma if she has a picture. Yes.
00:49:10
I would love to see an actual, legit Morris family. What would that be? What's your mom's maiden name?
00:49:18
My mom's maiden name is Valdez. Raymond Valdez was my grandfather. And then my grandma,
00:49:24
her maiden name was Flores. So Sarah Flores. Oh my God. If she has a story, please get it on video or record it.
00:49:30
That would be incredible. I'm so bummed I can't ask my grandma. It was very old, but I'm so bummed I can't ask her if she remembers it.
00:49:38
Although I know she would have just said, yeah, that was scary. Yeah, that's incredible.
00:49:44
Steven. While the world watches the stars at the FIFA World Cup this summer, Hyundai has its eyes on the next generation of talent.
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Terms and conditions apply. See pandora.net for more details. Goodbye. Well, Georgia, you know how much I love TikTok.
00:51:55
Of course. And one of the main reasons I love TikTok is because it either educates me about things
00:52:00
I absolutely knew nothing about, like you just did, or it reminds me of things I adore.
00:52:06
So that's what happened when I was scrolling through TikTok. I saw a video by an account called atthefeedski, F-E-E-D.
00:52:16
SKI. And they reminded me of a story that I long ago heard on the dollop about the legendary
00:52:25
1974 Cleveland 10 cent beer night. Remember this? No, but it sounds like a mistake.
00:52:35
Right? From Jump. Oh my God. Yeah. If you want to do the three minute version of the story,
00:52:40
you can go on TikTok, follow the feed skeet. They will tell you about it. But you can also
00:52:45
listened to the 2014 episode of The Dollop. It was the 15th episode of that podcast.
00:52:51
Yeah. Early, early days of The Dollop. But I will tell you about it now. You can also,
00:52:57
of course, you can go on YouTube and watch footage from the game night about what I'm
00:53:03
about to tell you about, which is kind of amazing. Why am I picturing it in like the 1920s? It's not, right?
00:53:09
It's not. 74. Oh, 74. Okay. That's a cozy place. I can meet you. You should meet me there because you'll be happy you did.
00:53:18
But compared to 2023, which every once in a while, that number gets into my head and I'm like, wow.
00:53:24
Because I started in the 70s. So 74 is like so much more familiar to me than where we are now.
00:53:33
And all of the things in this are, it's just the delight of the way things used to be.
00:53:39
Which at this point, sometimes when you talk about it, it feels like you're lying or like it's a movie you watched.
00:53:44
Right. So here's a little slice of the 70s that really will drive it home. And it's the 70s in Cleveland, Ohio.
00:53:52
Which is a very specific vibe. Yes it is So the main sources for this story today are a 2008 ESPN article by a writer named Paul Jackson a 1974 Associated Press article
00:54:06
by the writer Richard Bellotti, and the book Crazy with the Papers to Prove It by sports writer Dan Coughlin.
00:54:14
And the rest of the sources are in our show notes. So what I'm about to regale you with
00:54:19
is considered one of, arguably, one of the most chaotic nights in sports history.
00:54:25
June 4th, 1974, takes place in Cleveland, Ohio in the 70s. I think it is safe to say
00:54:32
that at this time, Cleveland was not flourishing. They had several large problems. One is the
00:54:40
pollution. They're so polluted there, in fact, that just five years earlier in 1969,
00:54:46
the Cuyahoga River caught on fire. Oh, that's right. Oh, God. And as alarming as that sounds,
00:54:56
that actually eventually led the way for the government to start the Environmental Protections Agency.
00:55:04
Right. Because pollution had just gotten so bad. It was so bad, you guys. Not just like littering and stuff,
00:55:11
but industrial pollution where like companies that were making, glue or we're just dumping everything into the nearby river. And that's what was happening.
00:55:21
And the car fumes and the gasoline we used was toxic. There were days when the weather would be,
00:55:27
don't leave the house because the air is toxic. Right. I mean, I wasn't there, but my mom told me that. No, it's true. So there's the pollution issue.
00:55:38
The city's also dealing with serious economic downturn over the past decade in the area.
00:55:44
There's been a mass exodus of factories and industrial plants, meaning total loss of jobs
00:55:50
and also loss of population. Between 1970 and 1980, Cleveland will lose nearly 200,000 residents
00:55:57
because of like job loss and everything kind of. So in 1974, leaders in Cleveland are worried
00:56:06
that the city is about to go bankrupt. And on top of all that, Cleveland's Major League Baseball
00:56:13
team is not doing well. So at the time of the story in 1974, they were the Cleveland Indians.
00:56:20
Indigenous groups have worked for years and years, decades to get this name changed. They just in 22
00:56:27
changed the name to the Cleveland Guardians. But for the sake of simplicity in talking about the
00:56:32
story, I'm just going to call them Cleveland so that, you know, so we can talk about it.
00:56:36
Good idea. So a year before the story takes place, Cleveland's baseball team has the lowest
00:56:41
game day turnout of any team in the league. They basically are at about 15% capacity
00:56:48
at every game in their stadium. It's rough. They're reporting losses of around $1.4 million,
00:56:55
which is $7 million in today's money. So the situation is dire. And management knows they need to do something
00:57:02
to stay out of the red and to get butts in seats. They know the easiest way to boost attendance at games.
00:57:09
So they basically suggest an idea that has worked well for them in the past. Journalist Paul Jackson, writing for ESPN, says it like this,
00:57:17
quote, considering the state of the city in 1974, the team decided that Cleveland probably could use a drink.
00:57:24
And this is the origin story for Cleveland's infamous 1974 10-cent beer night. So the real story actually starts the week before at Arlington Stadium in Texas.
00:57:36
It's late May 1974. The Texas Rangers are playing Cleveland in Texas. It's a shit show.
00:57:43
So there's a lot of like, and I think things were a little, obviously, a little less regulated, a little less official,
00:57:50
a little less like branded. Yeah, right. Slightly more bad news bears, I would say,
00:57:57
as everything was back then. A person that is a baseball aficionado is not going to love my recap here,
00:58:04
but I'm just doing it for simplicity to give you the sense. Look, video games, sports,
00:58:09
we don't know anything. Salami, taking out the garbage. It's all boy stuff. So, but here's the basic recap for us
00:58:17
for the purposes of me telling you this. So in the fourth inning of this game, Texas Rangers are at bat.
00:58:23
There's two men on and whoever it is at bat hits. And the guy on first base is a Rangers player named Lenny Randall.
00:58:32
So essentially there's a guy on first and second. And so somebody getting a single moves them both ahead.
00:58:38
Got it. But the ball goes to Cleveland's third baseman. So he hits third base. He tags third base, gets that guy out,
00:58:47
and then throws it over to second base. It should have been a double play, which they needed
00:58:51
because Cleveland didn't have any, hadn't gotten any runs so far. So essentially, the third baseman catches the ball that gets hit,
00:59:00
tags third base, that guy's out, throws it over to second, should be an easy double play.
00:59:05
But Lanny Randall slides into second base and he hits the second baseman. So I guess he's safe and everyone gets super pissed off.
00:59:14
He does a hard slide and basically in a way that they normally kind of aren't supposed to do, I think.
00:59:20
He got kind of physical and made it so that it was not a double play. Cleveland, the team and the fans are pissed.
00:59:27
In the eighth inning, Lanny Randall is up again. The pitcher, Milt Wilcox, memorized all these names.
00:59:35
That's a beautiful name. Milt Wilcox throws the ball behind him, which is, you know, it's kind of threatening.
00:59:41
It's basically like, I'm gonna hit you with this. Lenny Randall ends up bunting and running to first base.
00:59:47
So the pitcher, Milt Wilcox, picks it up and tags him. And as he does, Lenny Randall kind of hits him
00:59:54
with his forearm right Cleveland first baseman John Ellis steps up and punches Lenny Randall Oh so the bench is clear and here they go And now everyone fighting on the field
01:00:07
Right? All the boys run out to the field. Dozens of men throw punches at each other in front of
01:00:11
stadium full of spectators while the broadcasters call it live. It happens. It's not like rare in
01:00:18
baseball. Yeah. Wow. But essentially the fight's broken up. Everyone goes back to their dugouts.
01:00:24
The Texas fans are pissed. They start booing, pouring beer on nearby players, throwing food, and then to add insult to injury,
01:00:32
Cleveland loses three to zero. Ouch. Now the drama seems guaranteed because the two teams have to meet up again
01:00:39
six days later in Cleveland to finish the series, right? When a reporter from the Cleveland Press newspaper
01:00:46
asks the Rangers manager, Billy Martin, if he's gonna, quote, take his armor to Cleveland,
01:00:52
Billy Martin simply replies, quote, nah, they won't have enough fans there to worry about.
01:00:57
Ouch. Boom. So that's going to start some shit. That's going to piss some people off.
01:01:03
That's basically like salt in the wound. As journalist Paul Jackson puts it, quote,
01:01:08
the 74 Indians were a smorgasbord of mediocre and forgettable talent playing in an open air mausoleum.
01:01:16
Oh, Jesus. End quote, end lives. It's like, rough times. The team's not good. You know, the stadium is,
01:01:25
barely has anyone in it. You can't say even half full. Like all of it is rough. Yeah.
01:01:31
So now all of that is bad enough. But now this rematch, right, in Cleveland is also on the same night
01:01:40
as the big brainchild idea, Tencent beer night. Everything's coming together in a bad way.
01:01:47
So on 10 cent beer night, the 12 ounce pour of Genesee beer, have you heard of Genesee beer?
01:01:55
Must be regional. My dad hadn't heard of it either. So that beer normally costs 65 cents.
01:02:01
Tonight's going to cost a dime. Oh, fuck. That's like getting a $4 beer for 60 cents.
01:02:07
Wow. Thank you. That's good. A $4 beer for 60 cents. For 60 cents. In hindsight, yes, this sounds like a horrible idea,
01:02:16
But amazingly, Cleveland had already hosted, they hosted a nickel beer night in 1971 that
01:02:23
went great and with no incidents. So they were like, this will work. This will be great.
01:02:28
Okay. So no one's really worried about Tencent Beer Night coinciding with the rematch game.
01:02:33
The only precaution Cleveland really takes in preparing for this is doubling security.
01:02:39
Normally they have 25 security guards. Now they have 50. That was actually a smart move.
01:02:44
since the brawl in Texas, the Cleveland journalists, radio hosts, anybody that was publicly talking about this game
01:02:51
is talking about it like revenge, rematch. They're talking about it, hyping it up.
01:02:58
There's bitterness, there's vengeance. Cleveland sports fans are out for blood. They want a rematch.
01:03:04
So when the day arrives, it's warm and humid in Cleveland. Temperatures are around 85 degrees,
01:03:10
which is great weather for a night game at a stadium. over 25,000 people show up to watch the game,
01:03:17
which is almost double the normal attendance. And the crowd also is decidedly young
01:03:24
because in the 70s, the national drinking age was 18. Oh my God. So essentially,
01:03:35
people in their late teens and early 20s pack the stands, aside from it being like, you know,
01:03:40
a hyped up rematch, you know, whatever. A lot of people are out of work. A lot of people don't have too much money.
01:03:47
They can't afford not to go to 10 cent beer night because for a dollar, you can get a ticket to get
01:03:53
in, get a seat in the bleachers and get five beers for $1. Each one a bigger mistake than the last.
01:04:04
As expected, they open the doors. Everyone makes a beeline for the cheap beer the second they enter
01:04:09
the stadium. There is a rule set for 10 cent beer night. People are supposed to be capped at six
01:04:15
beers per transaction. But as soon as the stadium opens, it's clear that there is a massive staffing
01:04:22
shortage for this promotion because the cheap beer isn't at each hot dog stand around the stadium.
01:04:29
It's one table with two teenage girls. Yep. At the 10 cent beer table. And these girls are supposed
01:04:39
to be keeping track of how many beers people get per there with no system. There's no way to do
01:04:46
that. They're just supposed to kind of be managing what is an absolutely unmanageable situation,
01:04:53
which is just so hilarious and so typical. So they're in charge of monitoring purchases,
01:04:59
taking money, pouring beer for thousands of increasingly and very quickly drunk customers.
01:05:05
They're immediately overwhelmed. And before long, they realize their job is impossible.
01:05:10
And also, they can't handle these drunk customers who are rude. They're belligerent.
01:05:16
They're berating them for having to wait in such a long line. Like, it's bullshit.
01:05:20
So eventually, thank God, the girls just say, screw it and fucking abandon shit.
01:05:25
They're like, bye. Which is the very least that they should have done. So someone from Cleveland's promotions team
01:05:32
decides they're going to solve that problem by driving a beer truck with industrial taps on it
01:05:41
inside the stadium and then just allowing the fans to go up and pour their own beers
01:05:47
for themselves unchecked. And I think it would seem like unpaying for the rest of the night.
01:05:55
So I don know if that was the best call No one exactly sure when that truck was brought in but it pretty early in the game within the first few innings
01:06:06
And this game is not going well. In the first inning, Ranger Tom Greave hits a home run.
01:06:13
And Cleveland fans are already drunk, basically, by this time, you know what I mean?
01:06:17
They're pre-gaming, pre-partying, they're getting it all done. They immediately start throwing things at Texas first,
01:06:24
baseman Mike Hargrove, who would later go on to say, quote, I must have had 15 or 20 pounds of
01:06:30
hot dogs thrown at me. Oh my God. In the second inning, a middle-aged woman runs onto the field
01:06:41
and flashes the crowd and then tries to kiss the head umpire, Nestor Shilak. Of course,
01:06:49
This is a major league baseball game. Oh my God. So Shylock's furious at this interruption,
01:06:55
but the crowd goes crazy. They of course love it. This woman, there's pictures. She looks like a diner waitress.
01:07:03
She has kind of like, she has big kind of bouffant-y, done up hair. She's definitely on the older side.
01:07:10
She does not look like the kind of woman that's just going to show you her tits.
01:07:15
For free. She just doesn't. Yeah. And she has this huge smile on her face. Like she looks like it's just like,
01:07:21
well, I'm finally living. All I can think about is her the next morning asking your friend what you did last night.
01:07:30
Did I do anything embarrassing last night? I have a bad feeling, but I don't know why.
01:07:35
Something went wrong. It suddenly starts coming back in little individual slides
01:07:40
of like seeing Nestor Shilak yelling in her face. of like, why would there be the home plate umpire screaming in my face?
01:07:49
Oh my God. Why would he be mad at me? Nestor's furious. The crowd loves it. When security finally removes this woman from the field,
01:07:57
the stadium goes crazy cheering for her. They're thrilled. Before long, streakers start running across the field during play.
01:08:07
This was a big trend in the early 70s. It was. People love to get in it. because it was like kind of right after,
01:08:13
you know, the hippie era had kind of come and gone. But that kind of crunchy granola nudity vibe
01:08:19
was still there. Yeah. And streaking was a thing. There was a ton at Tencent Beer Night,
01:08:25
but perhaps the most iconic, Maren writes, perhaps the most iconic is the man who in the fourth inning,
01:08:32
fully naked aside from a pair of black socks. So, you know, he's a businessman. Dramatically slides into second base
01:08:40
at the exact moment that Texas' Tom Greave hits his second homer of the night. So the game is continuing on.
01:08:51
A naked slide. Yes. That's painful, it sounds. Yes, it sounds. It sounds horrible.
01:08:59
But also imagine that today where it's like, you can't use an image of Major League Baseball
01:09:05
without getting the shit suit out of you. Yeah. Sometimes a cat runs across and they stop everything.
01:09:11
And like, you know, also there's a picture of him running and he's smiling. He kind of looks like Robert Plant.
01:09:16
He has an amazing body. You're like, I get why you're doing this. Yeah. He's feeling it.
01:09:22
Okay, so now the score is 2-0. Texas is leading. The beer-drenched stadium seems to care more
01:09:28
about the streakers than the score. So his six security guards try to catch the black socked legend.
01:09:34
He gets up from second base. He runs basically, climbs over the back fence, and like Cinderella and her glass slipper,
01:09:43
he leaves a single black sock behind on the field. But now he's in public. I don't understand.
01:09:51
Now he just has to walk home. Now he's stuck under the bleachers, kind of lost and shit-faced.
01:09:58
Right. He's dealt with worse, I'm sure. I'm sure. So now it's the fifth inning. The score is five to one Rangers.
01:10:05
the cheap beer continues to flow on monitor from that beer truck, much like the streakers and the flashers
01:10:11
who continue to flow onto the field, including a father-son duo who run onto the field and moon the fans.
01:10:19
Mooning was another big thing. Mooning was very popular back then. It's a partial streak.
01:10:24
It's just a peep. Yeah. Of course, the stadium goes crazy. The crowd is really drunk.
01:10:29
It looks like the team is losing. So now they're just kind of into the display of whatever other people feel like doing.
01:10:37
So up until this point, the trashed and largely teenage crowd has been rowdy, but they're harmless.
01:10:43
Everyone seems happy. They're laughing. They're being silly. They're just kind of like enjoying this goofy night.
01:10:50
It's how it always starts. Yep. My next line is, but as all of us true alcoholics know,
01:10:56
that is about to change. The goofy party atmosphere devolves into the realm of pure belligerence.
01:11:03
So at one point, the Rangers manager, Billy Martin, disputes a call by the umpire,
01:11:08
a common thing that happens, not that big of a deal. Like a mean drunk dad at Christmas,
01:11:13
the crowd decides it's deeply offended by this and cups of beer are sent flying onto the field
01:11:19
in Billy Martin's direction. He responds by blowing them a kiss from the dugout.
01:11:24
So drunk fans start throwing any and everything that they can onto the field. And on top of that, because it is the 70s,
01:11:31
multiple people have brought fireworks to the game. What? Yeah. What? Okay. Yeah.
01:11:39
Fireworks was a pastime, like a hobby in the 70s. It was something people did. You keep heightening this story and it's going well.
01:11:46
I don't. History does. The people of Cleveland did. Yeah, yeah. Full credit to them.
01:11:56
So groups of drunk teens are now shooting off fireworks from their seats. And at this point, anyone who showed up for an above board
01:12:06
normal baseball game is long gone. And what's left is an entirely wasted and increasingly chaotic
01:12:13
crowd in a stadium that's starting to feel like a war zone. So now it's the sixth inning. And in
01:12:19
an exciting turn of events, Cleveland starts to rally. They score two runs. And then in the seventh
01:12:25
inning, they score yet another. So now it's 5-4 Rangers. And then Cleveland ties the score,
01:12:32
and now it's 5-5. Oh, shit. So the crowd starts to focus on the game again. They remember, oh, that's right. We're at a
01:12:39
Major League Baseball game, and this is actually the point of all this. Their focus, of course,
01:12:44
since they're so drunk, doesn't really last. And what they end up doing is the kids with the
01:12:48
fireworks start trying to shoot the fireworks into Texas's bullpen, where the other pitchers
01:12:54
are warming up. And then inexplicably, they shoot them towards Cleveland's bullpen.
01:13:03
All right. Everyone gets them. So this forces the very fed up umpire Nestor Shilak to direct
01:13:10
both teams to move their athletes out of the line of fire. But the game continues on. Like,
01:13:15
this doesn't stop the game. So they're just kind of managing the bad behavior at this point.
01:13:21
Yeah. Now we're in the ninth inning, right? This is it. It's the last inning. Things are looking great for Cleveland.
01:13:28
The score's 5-5. Cleveland's at bat and the bases are loaded. This should have been the positive turning point.
01:13:35
Yeah. The world is full of potential. Anything can happen right now. It could be something magic.
01:13:40
Yeah. But another fan runs onto the field at this point. Uh-oh. This guy's fully dressed.
01:13:46
But the difference here is up until this point, it's been fun times. It's streakers.
01:13:51
people running by, they're playing to the crowd and running away before security can catch them.
01:13:56
This time, this fully dressed man runs towards a ranger's outfielder named Jeff Burroughs.
01:14:02
He flicks Burroughs' hat off his head and then tries to grab his glove. But because he's drunk,
01:14:08
he falls down in the process of trying to do this, of course. Oh, Jesus. So Burroughs, who of course never didn't expect that
01:14:16
and like wasn't, didn't know, he's visibly rattled by being bum rushed, by this drunk stranger.
01:14:23
So the man's down. He goes over and kicks him in the thigh. And then in doing that,
01:14:27
he ends up falling over himself. Oh, no. Burroughs would later tell the Associated Press that,
01:14:35
I tried to call time, but no one heard me. Oh, my God. I mean, they're far away.
01:14:40
They're still playing? They're still playing, and the outfielders are really far away from each other.
01:14:45
Each other and everybody in the infield. Okay. He said, I was getting scared because I felt the riot psychology.
01:14:53
Of all the crazy shit those baseball players are probably used to with crowds, I don't think they'd probably seen this level.
01:15:01
No, you get one or two drunk people. It's standard. And usually it's like it all takes place in the stands.
01:15:07
Nothing is spilling out onto the field, I would imagine. So the Rangers manager, Billy Martin, has been watching this game get repeatedly interrupted.
01:15:16
He's had countless beer cups thrown at him. Now he's just had enough seeing this.
01:15:20
He sees Burroughs fall over. And because it all happened so fast, he assumes Burroughs been attacked by this drunk fan.
01:15:28
That's why he fell over. So he turns to all the rest of the players in the dugout
01:15:33
and he says, let's go get them boys. Oh shit. The Rangers pull their bats off the bat racks
01:15:39
and march out onto the field. Oh my God. Martin will later say quote I knew it was silly for us to do that but Jeff was out there all by himself We couldn just let our teammate get beat up But as the Rangers move with their bats more people from the stands start pouring onto the field
01:15:56
basically in response. And these are no longer the happy-go-lucky streakers of previous innings.
01:16:02
This is now a drunken mob. Some of them are even carrying weapons. According to the journalist Paul Jackson,
01:16:10
quote, Billy Martin spotted people wielding chains, knives, and clubs fashioned from pieces of stadium seats.
01:16:18
Oh, no. The 25 Texas players quickly found themselves surrounded by 200 angry drunks,
01:16:25
and more were tumbling over the wall onto the field. End quote. It's like a fucking zombie movie.
01:16:31
I was just thinking that. It's a zombie nightmare. Oh, my God. It's one of those fast zombie movies, but with more burping.
01:16:38
So over in the Cleveland dugout, manager Ken Aspromonte is seething. He is so close to getting this legendary win, right?
01:16:48
How insane would that make you of all the work that you've done up until this point?
01:16:52
You're actually making a comeback like you're supposed to do. His team, his Bad News Bears team
01:16:58
is on the verge of winning basically. And drunk fans are screwing it up for them.
01:17:04
And he's also watching the Rangers become vastly outnumbered as more and more people
01:17:09
come down from the stands to like basically fight. He's legitimately worried that he's about to witness
01:17:16
a bloodbath for these Ranger players. And so in a moment of solidarity with the team
01:17:20
that seconds ago was Cleveland's bitter rival, Asper Monte orders his players to grab any and all available bats
01:17:28
and go help the Rangers. Oh, let's add some fuel to this fire. Yes, exactly. So now a full-on war has broken out
01:17:36
between a couple dozen professional athletes with bats and hundreds of belligerent, mostly teenage fans
01:17:44
with chains and armrest clubs who are fucked up. Yeah, they are. It's gnarly. The Cleveland catcher pushes a man down
01:17:54
and kicks him in the face. A ranger tackles a guy that's trying to take down his teammate.
01:17:59
A drunken Cleveland fan hits Cleveland's pitcher over the head with a chair. Oh no.
01:18:06
It's mayhem. Nestor Shilak, the head umpire, also gets hit over the head with a chair.
01:18:13
After that, he stands up and sees a hunting knife land at his feet. And he knows he has to call the game now.
01:18:20
But first they have to get to safety. So Shilak will later tell AP that, quote, we were so scared out there,
01:18:27
it was 500 to one odds and we could have gotten killed very easily. I'm sure the only other place
01:18:33
you would see something like this happen would be in a zoo. End quote. Oh my God.
01:18:39
They get both teams, stadium staff, the umpires, and a couple reporters. They're all able to fight their way
01:18:47
back to the dugouts. And then from there, they go into the tunnels that lead back to the locker rooms,
01:18:53
like safely inside the stadium. They bolt the doors behind them. They're all soaked with beer,
01:19:00
blood, sweat, and spit. And they're trying to process what's just happened. One of Cleveland's
01:19:07
announcers who's broadcasting live from the press box captures the atmosphere well. He says, quote,
01:19:13
I've been in this business for over 20 years and I have never seen anything as disgusting as this.
01:19:18
This is tragic. So now that the athletes and their staff are safely off the field,
01:19:23
Nestor Shilak calls the game. He calls it a forfeit due to the crowd's bad behavior,
01:19:28
which means the Rangers win. But out on the field, the news incites a new wave of violence from the drunken fans because there still hundreds of people swarming the field Now they just go crazy They start stealing anything that isn nailed down
01:19:47
They're taking the bases. They're pulling up grass. They even rip down pieces of the stadium's padded wall.
01:19:54
A writer named Dan Coughlin is one of the unlucky journalists who didn't escape into the clubhouse with the teams.
01:20:00
When the game is forfeited, he's out in the stands trying to interview fans. This would be an expected thing
01:20:07
for any sports journalist to do. But as Coughlin approaches spectators asking for their point of view,
01:20:14
he gets punched in the face, not once, but twice. Oh my God. It's just like out of control.
01:20:21
And meanwhile, sorry to laugh at you, Dan Coughlin. It's not funny that you got punched,
01:20:26
but it is all of a sudden just all of society breaks down in a stadium in Cleveland one night in 1974.
01:20:34
Mob mentality, right? Yes. And meanwhile, this is Maren's writing, in a legendary failure to read the room,
01:20:44
Cleveland's organist starts playing take me out to the ball game over the loudspeaker.
01:20:49
So it's just, I mean, like that organist is pretty hilarious. Yeah. The Cleveland police arrived to clear the stadium
01:20:58
and here's how they do it. they turn off the lights and throw tear gas onto the field.
01:21:03
People bolt, except for a dozen defiant teenagers standing on top of the Rangers dugout,
01:21:10
calling for the Texas players to come back out and fight them. Yeah, that's definitely gonna happen.
01:21:17
That vibe though is so familiar to me. It's so like, as I read that sentence the first time,
01:21:24
I was just like, yeah, yeah, yeah. But you're also like, I know him. I know him.
01:21:29
I've met that guy before. I've met that guy. I've loved that guy. I've been that guy.
01:21:35
All in all, nine people are arrested on Tencent Beer Night and seven are sent to nearby hospitals
01:21:41
where they're treated from minor injuries and released. Amazingly, no one is seriously injured at Tencent Beer Night.
01:21:49
All right. It's a miracle. But the athletes and the stadium crew are shaken up by this experience, understandably.
01:21:57
Billy Martin tells the Associated Press that, it's the closest I've ever seen anybody come to getting killed
01:22:02
in my more than 25 years in baseball. And Nestor Shilak is said to have been so heated
01:22:09
after his narrow escape from the field that he, when he got down into the locker room area,
01:22:16
you know, those hallways in the stadium, he smashed every light bulb in sight. What the fuck?
01:22:23
Nestor was pissed. But I mean, like you can imagine, it's just that's the adrenaline, the survival adrenaline.
01:22:29
Yeah. I mean, that must have been so scary and crazy. And you know he was upset because with a compress held to his injured head,
01:22:37
he tells reporters, quote, fucking animals. You just can't pull back a pack of animals.
01:22:42
When uncontrolled beasts are out there, you got to do something. I saw two guys with knives
01:22:47
and I got hit by a chair. If the fucking war is on tomorrow, I'm going to join the other side to get a shot at them.
01:22:53
Wow. End quote. He was pissed. He was pissed. So really, besides the arrests and the stolen property and the general mayhem,
01:23:03
the most interesting part about Tencent Beer Night is that strange moment of unity
01:23:07
between the Cleveland and the Texas players against the drunken mob. Texas Ranger Rich Billings would go on to tell the press, quote,
01:23:16
I really don't know what would have happened if the Indians hadn't come out. They were the real peacemakers in the deal.
01:23:23
So essentially if those players hadn started defending people it would have been an attack And despite the league absolute fury at everything that went down that night
01:23:34
Cleveland would go on to throw another 10 cent beer night just a few weeks later.
01:23:41
No! Have we learned nothing? Oh my God. No, but they did learn. So this time, they have a strict two beer per person limit
01:23:51
and they use tickets to track the purchases and they have four times the usual security staff.
01:23:57
And here's the good news. The evening goes off without a hitch. And that is the story of Cleveland's infamous 1974
01:24:05
10 cent beer night. Oh my God. Mayhem. Mayhem. Mayhem. Also, who brought a hunting knife to a baseball game?
01:24:16
Truly, truly. Yeah. What were you doing? You're not fucking who I don't know. Bear Grylls.
01:24:24
Thank you. I was like, I had so many names suddenly flooding my head and I couldn't pick one.
01:24:33
He's the best one. He loves a knife. Yeah. Wow. Great job. Great story. Thank you.
01:24:39
Thank you. Yeah, I like that one. I've been waiting to do that one for a little while.
01:24:44
Yeah. The world contains multitudes. That's right. From the sisters who essentially saved the Dominican Republic
01:24:52
to the Cleveland fans who ruined baseball for one night on purpose for fun. And we're here to deliver all of it to you.
01:25:01
We want you to know about all of it. Our valued listeners. We love you. We do. Stay sexy.
01:25:08
And don't get murdered. Goodbye. Goodbye. Elvis, do you want a cookie? This has been an Exactly Right production.
01:25:23
Our senior producers are Alejandra Keck and Molly Smith. Our editor is Aristotle Acevedo.
01:25:28
This episode was mixed by Liana Squalachi. Our researchers are Maren McGlashan and Allie Elkin.
01:25:33
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Goodbye. today at CheapCaribbean.com. Goodbye. This episode is brought to you in part by Vital Farms. Have
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visit vitalfarms.com to learn more. Vital Farms, good eggs, no shortcuts. Goodbye.
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