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So, now I'm breaking down five powerful types of DNA testing that investigators use to solve crimes and sharing the real
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cases where those tests uncovered the truth. Starting [music] off with number five. Investigative genetic genealogy or
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IGG. You probably heard a lot about IGG in recent years. But what is it exactly? Investigative
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genetic genealogy brings forensic DNA analysis together with traditional genealogy to develop leads in criminal
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investigations or to identify unidentified human remains. Investigative genetic genealogists or
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members of law enforcement can upload DNA profiles from a crime scene or from remains to certain genetic genealogy
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databases. And from there, they work on identifying genetic relatives of the person whose DNA they have and build out
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a family tree with that data. After the family tree has been built out, police potentially look to obtain a DNA sample
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from someone in that family tree to compare against the original sample. One notable case that has been solved in
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part thanks to IGG is the murder of April Marie Tinsley. April was just 8 years old when she was kidnapped,
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sexually assaulted, and murdered in the spring [music] of 1988. Biological evidence was collected at the
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scene, but sampling and testing protocols weren't advanced enough yet to solve the case. But by the early 2000s,
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investigators were finally able to pull a DNA profile from the sample and upload
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it [music] to CODIS. But no matches were immediately found. That meant that it was likely that the perpetrator's DNA
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had never been uploaded to the CODIS database in connection [music] to any other crimes.
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So, the case sat cold until 2018, when investigators retested the sample that they had to get a profile suitable for
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GEDmatch, which is a public opt-in DNA database. Seriously, anyone, including you, can upload DNA to GEDmatch. From
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there, genealogist CeCe Moore used family tree mapping to identify John D. Miller, who had lived not too far from
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April at the time of her murder. Investigators knew Miller probably wouldn't turn over his DNA sample for
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direct comparison [music] willingly. So, they collected his abandoned DNA by obtaining used condoms from his trash.
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Then, when they did a direct comparison to the sample they had in April's case, they found out [music] it was indeed
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their guy. In 2018, John Miller pled guilty to murder and child molestation [music] in connection with April's
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killing. He was sentenced to 80 years in prison. So, though it took some time and
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technological advances, DNA led to justice for April.