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00:01:59
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please see the show notes for this episode on your app or on our website although Alcatraz prison had since been
00:03:03
repaired to a workable condition the battle scars of Boerne Kois 1946 violent failed escape remained visible
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throughout the cell house areas of the floor were chipped cracked and faded black from where grenades had detonated
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in response to the Battle of Alcatraz that resulted in the deaths of two correctional officers the imposing
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prison tightened its grip on the inmates the stricter control was used to readjust the kinds of rebellious
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attitudes and behaviors that led to the siege in the first place and aimed to crush all thoughts of escape minor
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infractions seen as disrespectful or agitating were met with harsh punishment rumours spread amongst inmates that
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guard tower snipers had been ordered to shoot to kill anyone trying to break out
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in the ten years following the Battle of Alcatraz no inmates attempted an escape
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it seems that the temptation had been overtaken by fear of death however the thought never left the minds
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of battered inmates who resented alcatraz and sought freedom as days dragged on and felt like eternity
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inmates found solace in passing the time by dreaming up elaborate escape plans and thinking of ways to get out of
00:04:17
Alcatraz once and for all every morning at 6:30 a.m. inmates woke to the piercing sound of
00:04:24
the morning whistle they rose made their beds cleaned up their cells and washed themselves in preparation for breakfast
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at 7:15 a.m. a second whistle blew signaling the start of the camp inmates stood at the bars of their cell while a
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passing guard took a headcount it was no different on the morning of June 12th 1962 inmates leant against the bars as
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guards walk past County oddly the guards realized they were missing 3 thinking they must have miscalculated they walked
00:04:58
back along the corridors and recounted but they got the same result 3 were missing logical explanations were
00:05:10
considered first maybe the three inmates were still in a deep sleep and failed to
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hear the morning whistle maybe they were unwell in bed and needed medical attention guards quickly paced by the
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cells to determine who wasn't upstanding in cell 1 5 8 an inmate was curled up in
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bed still asleep reaching into the cell a guard padded the pillow next to the inmates head in an attempt to wake him
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up but the inmate didn't stir the guard then tucked the inmates head still no response
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the guard no doubt we had to have a dead man or a dummy in the cellblock I can't
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wake him out other guards walked over to the cell to investigate one yard at the
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inmate to get up still no response in patient the guard reached in and slept the sleeping inmate heart across the
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face horrified guards let back when the inmates decapitated head rolled straight
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off the pillow and onto the floor it's a dummy a guard called out they caught the
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blankets off the cot and exposed bunched up clothing that had been tucked underneath to give the illusion of a
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sleeping body a small square hole just wide enough to squeeze through was found dug into the back wall of the cell
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guards rushed frantically around the Silvius they discovered two more cells with dummies in the beds and holes dug
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out of the back walls the three inmates belonging to each of the cells were missing when the guards rushed to raise
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the alarm Alcatraz inmate Alan West casually leant against his cell door and called out he may as well lock me up
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I planned the entire escape [Music] serving 10 years for transporting stolen vehicles across state lines 33 year-old
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Allen West was relocated to Alcatraz in 1957 after a failed escape attempt that his previous State Penitentiary in
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Florida Alcatraz inmate az1 one-30 west quickly earned a reputation as an aggressive tough guy who always got in
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trouble with other inmates after a punishing sting in d-block the prison's treatment unit for troublemakers
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featuring solitary and isolation cells Western merge with a strong desire to escape Alcatraz but had yet to come up
00:07:55
with a plan on how to do so the main cell house of Alcatraz prison consisted of four large cell blocks
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a B C and D blocks D block was the only one closed off from the main cell house the cells in a block were mostly used
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for storage except when certain prisoners needed to be separated from other inmates but were
00:08:17
not being punished the lines of cells in B and C blocks housed the majority of the general prison population each cell
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block was 3 stories high with rows of cells on each level every moment of the day guards patrolled the ground floor
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corridors between cell blocks as well as the balconies of each of the higher levels on the top of each cellblock was
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an attic like space directly under the prison ceiling this narrow space was surrounded at its edges by bars and was
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in full view of guards patrolling the galleries there was an open space filled with pipes and vents that was rarely
00:08:52
visited as such it had been neglected and become very dirty and dusty and the ceiling paint had faded so after his
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punishment in d-block Allen West was assigned to go up to the top of the cell blocks to clean up and
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to repaint the ceiling of the main cell house whilst up there he caught sight of
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something intriguing there were multiple wide ventilation shafts in the ceiling that led out onto the prison roof most
00:09:19
had been filled in with concrete long ago making them completely inaccessible however West notice one ventilation
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shaft had not yet been filled in but there were several steel bars inside the duct Criss crossing over each other
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they were strong and would be near impossible to cut through with meager makeshift prison tools it seemed to the
00:09:40
ventilation shaft was a false hope but then West noticed the edges of the vent had been screwed into the concrete
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ceiling he started to believe with the right tools he might be able to unscrew and remove the entire vent structure and
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pulled the whole thing out in one piece that would save him from having to cut through the bars inside the exposed
00:10:01
tunnel would lead him straight on to the prison roof and onwards to freedom West
00:10:09
couldn't investigate the vent properly though as the top of the cellblock could be seen by guards patrolling the nearby
00:10:14
gun gallery if they caught sight of him eyeing the vent they'd probably fill it with concrete immediately as a
00:10:20
precaution there was no way he could work on unscrewing the massive vent out of the roof whilst up there without
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being noticed even if he worked on a slowly over torn tinkering with the vent whenever he wasn't being watched a
00:10:33
straight guard could notice the tampering damage and have the vent filled as promising as it looked it was
00:10:40
too high-risk to do anything about it and the West had to let it go that tortured him that he had found a
00:10:46
potential exit but he couldn't take advantage of it 32 year-old John Anglin and his 31
00:10:58
year-old younger brother Clarence robbed the bank in Alabama with a toy pistol netting them almost
00:11:03
$20,000 in cash but they were apprehended five days later and after their convictions the brothers were
00:11:10
placed in separate prisons John was sent to Florida and Clarence was sent to Kansas it was while serving time in
00:11:18
Florida that John Anglin met Allen West before West was shipped off to Alcatraz after his botched escape attempt after
00:11:26
West was moved to Alcatraz John Anglin was transferred as well he was sent to Kansas where he was reunited with his
00:11:34
brother Clarence John got a job in the prison's bakery in Kansas when a guard spotted him straining to push a trolley
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carrying two supposedly empty bread boxes into the prison elevator the guard ordered him to stop and open the lid
00:11:48
hidden inside was John's brother Clarence attempting to escape the failed breadbox breakout rewarded the siblings
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a ticket each to Alcatraz they transfer records stating the move was to ensure safer custody John Anglin arrived first
00:12:07
in October 1960 becoming Alcatraz inmate AZ one four seven six Clarence arrived soon after in January
00:12:16
1961 his Alcatraz inmate az1 485 the Anglin brothers arrived to the fearsome Alcatraz prison without the kind of
00:12:26
dangerous reputation that preceded their cellmates they were nobodies who had no connection
00:12:32
to any well-known crime circles they didn't have a hardcore violent criminal history to boast about the big Krong
00:12:39
that put them behind bars was considered soft it was committed with a toy weapon
00:12:44
because they didn't want to hurt anybody in an act of uncharacteristically Nyan see Alcatraz stuff permitted the Anglin
00:12:51
brothers to be placed in adjacent cells and sit together during mealtime what was known to other inmates in
00:13:00
Alcatraz was that the Anglin brothers were failed escapees always looking for a way out John Anglin was soon
00:13:08
reacquainted with out on West West was still obsessed with the thought of escape and after learning about the
00:13:15
Anglin brothers failed attempt he realized he and the siblings shared mutual interests trusting the england's
00:13:23
west told them of his prior discovery the ventilation shaft on top of the cellblock a lengthy and quiet discussion
00:13:31
followed about how they could possibly pull off a successful escape the group clicked immediately they were all on the
00:13:38
same page and two they hatched the beginnings of an escape plan around removing the duct and climbing out onto
00:13:43
the prison roof from there they would climb down the prison building and make a break for San Francisco City across
00:13:51
the bay Alcatraz inmate azad one four forty one thirty five year old bank robber Frank Morris had been in and out
00:14:04
of trouble with the law since he was 13 years old throughout his troublesome youth Morris
00:14:10
adapted his high intelligence to serve Him more practically his understanding and observation of others made him
00:14:16
incredibly cunning and trued he put his skills to the test by trying to break out of every institution that held him
00:14:23
when he was finally sent to the end of the prison line Alcatraz his official occupation listed on his prison
00:14:30
documents was escape artist prison authorities considered Morris a psychopath a loner who preferred solitary
00:14:38
activities and who kept his thoughts to himself inmates saw Morris as the most intelligent person in Alcatraz a genius
00:14:47
which made him stand out to Allen West who just happened to be he's sole neighbor
00:14:56
previous escapes by other inmates throughout the years of Alcatraz had failed for being too hasty with little
00:15:02
in the way of cleaning West needed someone who could outsmart Alcatraz an experienced escapee who was patient and
00:15:10
clever someone who could foresee and solve various problems in their planning and not leave anything to chance
00:15:17
which made Frank Morris the perfect person to join West than the Anglin brothers escape and by December 1961
00:15:25
Morris was brought up to speed he became invaluable to the group Morris spearheaded some of the more
00:15:32
elaborate and brilliant ideas in the escape and resolved a lot of the problems that stood between the inmates
00:15:37
and freedom when it was built in the 1930s Alcatraz prison was one of the largest concrete structures in the world
00:15:48
the solid impenetrable concrete exterior added to the prison's escape-proof reputation however by the 1960s the
00:15:57
building had been battered for decades by corrosive seawater that had worn down the structures integrity cracks were
00:16:04
beginning to appear throughout the cell house creating structural vulnerabilities spending upwards of 23
00:16:11
hours a day in one cell with not much else to do but stare at the walls inmates noticed the many cracks slowly
00:16:17
appearing before any guards did West Morris and the Anglin brothers scratched at the cracks in their cells and
00:16:25
realized that the supposedly solid concrete around them actually flaked away rather easily
00:16:30
when chipped at with a sharp tool at the base of the back wall of each soul was a small vent measuring 6 by 10
00:16:40
inches the escaping inmates plan was to remove the grill that covered the vent widen the vent hole until they could fit
00:16:47
their bodies through it and then crawl into the utility corridor behind it the utility corridor was a sealed corridor
00:16:54
that was rarely used filled with piping and scaffolding it was an easy climb up the three levels in a utility corridor
00:17:02
to the top of the cellblock and to the ventilation shaft they hoped would be their exit from the cell house to dig
00:17:11
out their cell walls they needed to construct decent digging tools the group noticed that the guards counted knives
00:17:18
after each meal to ensure none had been stolen but they neglected to count the less threatening utensils so they were
00:17:25
easily able to pocket the metal spoons they used for their meals they bent the bowl of the spoon back and forth until
00:17:32
it snapped off then sharpened at the broken end of the handle and used it the deaconship at the concrete around the
00:17:38
vent in the backs of their cells digging occurred at night during the music hello
00:17:45
this was when inmates with instruments were permitted to play before lights-out during music hour the cell house was
00:17:52
filled with the ear-splitting echoing sound of dozens of instruments playing different songs all at once
00:17:57
it easily masks the sound of the escaping inmates chipping and carving out the walls in their cells the Anglin
00:18:04
brothers work together as one team and western morris as the other as one inmate dug the other acted as a lookout
00:18:11
indeed nor the roles were reversed they flushed concrete chunks down the toilets in their cells and swept dust
00:18:20
out into the corridor they'd past larger piles of broken up concrete two other inmates who worked
00:18:25
outdoors where the pieces were discreetly scattered outside the other inmates helped without question there
00:18:32
was a code amongst the prison population if you could help another inmate escape
00:18:37
he did it even if you weren't participating in the escape yourself in the early days they initially hid the
00:18:45
small damage they were creating in their cell walls with strategically placed boxes or hanging clothes but as days
00:18:52
turned to weeks the damage became far more obvious they worried their work could be easily exposed in a simple
00:18:58
random soul-search the excitement of escaping was blinding them to obvious flaws in their planning they needed to
00:19:07
slow down and think things through be smarter than the prison after putting their heads together they came up with a
00:19:15
solution they each built fake vent grilles out of cardboard and painting canvas using paint collected from
00:19:23
inmates who were permitted to make art they painted the fake cardboard grills the same color as the ones in their
00:19:29
cells during times they couldn't work on digging they covered their handiwork with the fake grill passing guards were
00:19:36
fooled the fake grilles were near exact replicas of the real thing after months of digging it was Morris and John Anglin
00:19:45
who burst through the backs of their cells first they had expanded the six by ten inch event gap into a sizeable 10 by
00:19:52
14 inch hole yet there was no sense in going into the utility corridor and climbing up to the ventilation shaft
00:19:59
just yet their shadowy figures would most certainly be seen or heard by nightshift guards besides another major
00:20:09
problem had arisen they needed to fix before they got to work on the ventilation shaft
00:20:16
after lights out at 9:30 p.m. guards walked down the corridors and did a body count this happened all through
00:20:24
the night on the hour every hour there was a major problem for the escapees they couldn't sneak out the back of
00:20:31
their cell to get to work on the ventilation shaft as their absence would be noticed during the count they needed
00:20:38
to create the illusion that they were still in bed asleep when they weren't it would require something smarter than
00:20:44
just stuffing pillows under their blankets to look like there was a body under there after thinking hard for a
00:20:51
solution Frank Morris approached inmates who were artists and inquired about what
00:20:55
colors of paint you would have to mix to create a flesh-colored tone then using paper mache around a wire frame a
00:21:03
mixture of concrete and plaster dust sticky toothpaste and soap mixed into the consistency of clay and the flesh
00:21:10
colored paint Morris and the group managed to create dummy heads that were amazingly detailed and lifelike good
00:21:17
enough to trick a passing guard looking into a dark soul during nightly counts Clarence Anglin worked in the prison
00:21:24
barber shop and he was able to smuggle out bunches of cut hair that they stuck on the dummy heads they even gave the
00:21:30
dummy heads eyebrows and eyelashes the escaping inmates also needed to work out a way to take out the ventilation shaft
00:21:39
on top of the cellblock without being seen by guards Alan West was still assigned to paint the top of the
00:21:46
cellblock and he intentionally swept dust and dried paint flakes off the edge causing them to rain down on the lower
00:21:52
tier balconies and to the Polish to ground floor below guards became frustrated at the mess so West
00:21:59
approached them with a solution he suggests that he should hang heavy blankets around the top of the cellblock
00:22:05
to create a wall that would stop the dust and paint flakes from falling off the edge the unsuspecting guards gave
00:22:12
West permission to do this the hanging blankets gave the escaping inmates complete privacy to work on removing the
00:22:19
ventilation shaft and luckily for them the blankets were permitted to hang up there for months without issue once
00:22:29
Frank Morris and Clarence Anglin completed their dummy heads they tucked bunched up clothing under their blankets
00:22:34
and arrested the head on their pillow giving the illusion of a sleeping buddy passing guards were completely fooled
00:22:42
they were convinced the Frank Morris and Clarence Anglin were asleep in their cells each night when in reality they
00:22:49
were on top of the cellblock hiding behind the walls of blankets securing their exit out of the prison during
00:23:01
their childhood growing up in the Florida swamps the angle and brothers visited local swimming holes and built
00:23:06
makeshift boats and rafts out of any material they could fall in they developed a strong understanding of
00:23:12
rough building and how to negotiate currents many years later as they grant Escape
00:23:19
from Alcatraz plan progressed they suggested that the group construct a raft and life jackets to increase their
00:23:25
chances of surviving the trek across the San Francisco Bay to the mainland the only waterproof item on Alcatraz that
00:23:32
the inmates had access to we rolled US army issue olive colored rubber raincoats these were given to inmates
00:23:40
working outdoors toward off the icy ocean breeze the rain coats were durable and strong and the ideal fabric for an
00:23:47
inflatable raft and lifejackets other inmates handed the group their raincoats and then lied to the guards stating that
00:23:54
they had misplaced lost or others had stolen their coats there was an overabundance of them so the guards
00:24:00
would hand the inmates a new one without question over time the escapees amassed
00:24:06
more than three dozen raincoats that they stored secretly on top of the cellblock a 1962 issue of the magazine
00:24:15
Popular Mechanics gave the inmates the pattern they needed to design the lifejackets the magazine which was
00:24:22
accessible through the prison library featured a lengthy article called your life preserver how will it behave when
00:24:28
you need it the article listed different flotation device designs with detailed illustrations as well as a test and
00:24:36
critique of each the inmates determined that the yoke type design was the one they'd modelled their lifejackets on
00:24:42
and wrapped around the back of the neck and hung down the chest Allen West and John Anglin obtained sewing needles
00:24:50
heavy thread and glue and started putting together the life jackets in their souls at night they cut off the
00:24:57
Ranko sleeves and stitched them together West had now prioritized the creation of
00:25:02
the lifejackets because unlike the angle ins who were experienced swimmers Morrison West were not West actually
00:25:09
halted work on digging through his cell wall to focus on making the life jackets
00:25:13
and raft he had already made a sizable cavity in his rear wall and had placed the fake grill in front but there was
00:25:21
still at least two more inches of concrete between his self and the utility corridor behind West plant to
00:25:28
keep through the remaining concrete on the night of the escape instead of wasting valuable time continuing bid to
00:25:33
get all our prior there were more pressing jobs to do each of the other men had already broken through the backs
00:25:41
of their selves into the utility corridor so they were ready to squeeze out the moment lights went out on the
00:25:47
night of the escape on may 1962 the inmates began making a six by fourteen foot raft that would carry them across
00:25:56
the bay to the San Francisco mainland the raft was stitched together using thirty two sets of raincoat sleeves to
00:26:03
form a long inflatable tube that would frame the base of the raft the base itself was made out of the backs of the
00:26:09
raincoats over several weeks they constructed the raft in small pieces which were then taken to the top of the
00:26:16
cellblock and assembled into the larger structure all they needed to do now was work out how to pump up the raft and
00:26:23
life jackets Frank Morris had that covered another decor DM player Morris asked prison officials if he could order a
00:26:34
concertina a small accordion like instrument that he could play during the music hour at night the request was
00:26:41
granted and when Morris obtained the instrument he removed to the keys and cleverly redesigned the pouch to use as
00:26:48
an air pumping mechanism then finally after months of work Clarence Anglin and Frank Morris were able to remove the
00:26:57
ventilation shaft securing their means of escape they clipped her back into the ceiling with clamps and fake screw heads
00:27:05
making it easy to take down when it was time to go with the life jackets and raft ready 18 May built boat paddles out
00:27:16
of the plywood shelving in their selves and two nuts and bolts they had smuggled
00:27:19
from the furniture shop when lights out shadowed the entire cell house in darkness at 9:30 p.m. on June 11th 1962
00:27:28
the escape was on Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers tucked their dummies in to bed removed
00:27:39
the fake grill in the back of their selves and squeezed into the utility corridor guards made their routine head
00:27:45
counts but fell for their dummies in the COTS and assumed they were the sleeping
00:27:49
prisoners Alan West who hadn't yet broken through his cell wall completely kicked at the remaining two inches of
00:27:57
concrete to get through but something was blocking him as the concrete crumbled away had exposed a large steel
00:28:04
reinforced pipe that was embedded into the wall and ran right across the whole West had been digging despite his best
00:28:12
efforts there was no way he could squeeze you out with the pipe in the way the cavity here dug was too small West
00:28:19
kicked the pipe with desperate ferocity but it didn't budge West begged the other escapees to bend the pipe and try
00:28:27
to break it they tried their best but they failed falling behind in their escape Morris and the Anglin brothers
00:28:38
made a difficult decision they turned away from the men who started at all and began climbing up the piping and
00:28:45
scaffolding leading them to the top of the cellblock West had to be left behind they couldn't risk waiting for him
00:28:54
West was overwhelmed with a mix of emotion desperation anger disappointment but in the end he accepted the nature of
00:29:03
the game if it were any of the others in his position he would have left them over the next few hours Alan West
00:29:13
struggled with the pipe until his hands were raw and bloody he didn't know what had become of the other three but since
00:29:19
the prison alarm wasn't going off he knew they hadn't been caught by 1:00 a.m. almost four hours after the others
00:29:27
had climbed up the utility corridor he successfully dug it out enough of his cavity to squeeze his body past the
00:29:33
steel pipe emerging in the utility corridor he frantically climbed up the piping to the top of the cellblock the
00:29:41
others were nowhere to be seen he found a ventilation shaft on the ground and saw the open tunnel leading
00:29:48
to the roof on the ground close by was a life jacket and a paddle left behind by
00:29:53
the others in the Hope West was able to break out and catch up with him West pulled himself up to the roof and
00:30:00
for the first time in a long time he saw the moon sprinting across the roof West prepared himself to leap onto
00:30:09
an exhaust pipe and slide down to the ground he had already wasted too much time and he was determined to make it
00:30:15
down to the shoreline where there was a chance the others might still be waiting
00:30:19
but he stopped dead in his tracks and fell to the ground when he saw a lone guard step out to the railing
00:30:25
surrounding the water tower nearby the guard had a clear view of the side of the building West needed to climb down
00:30:32
and he didn't want to risk being seen so he decided to wait until the guard walked away before making his the same
00:30:40
however the guard didn't leave his post west remained hidden on the roof hoping the guard would walk away just for a
00:30:48
moment hours passed and the wait was agonizing West was so close to freedom but he was unable to take it as the Sun
00:30:59
rose over the horizon and the guard failed to move out of sight West's hope of escape was over for a long moment he
00:31:07
took insights he hadn't seen in years and would perhaps not see again for a very long time the Rising Sun seagull
00:31:15
soaring overhead the lapping waves of the bay the striking Golden Gate Bridge in the
00:31:21
distance as the morning fog swirled away from Alcatraz Island West knew he would
00:31:28
soon be spotted he couldn't see Morris or the Anglin brothers sailing away he had no idea if they had made it or how
00:31:35
far they've gone but the alarm hadn't gone off so he was certain they must have escaped
00:31:42
that he hadn't West crept back across the rooftop he lowered himself down the open
00:31:51
ventilation shaft he climbed back down the utility corridor squeezed back through the hole in his cell and
00:31:58
collapsed into bed by 7:30 a.m. in the following morning June 12th 1962 one of the largest manhunts in the
00:32:12
history of the United States began Frank Morris and John and Clarence Anglin were
00:32:17
discovered missing guards quickly followed the route the escapees took from their cells to the utility corridor
00:32:24
up to the top of the cellblock through the ventilation shaft then out onto the prison roof they
00:32:30
determined the three escapees must have climbed down the north end of the building as the fence below showed signs
00:32:35
that had been climbed the coiling barbed wire on top was crushed down from where
00:32:39
they would have swung themselves over they could see the stamp down grass the three men would of course when rushing
00:32:45
down the embankment to the shoreline but from the beach onwards the trail went cold prison officials with bloodhounds
00:32:55
canvassed the entire island in case they didn't make it off and were hiding out the shoreline rocks and caves around the
00:33:03
edges of Alcatraz were checked as was every single building even those that were locked and otherwise inaccessible
00:33:09
the possibility the escapees made it off the island seemed more and more likely as every single possible hiding location
00:33:16
was checked and rechecked but no trace of them was found alan west was immediately pulled in for questioning
00:33:25
surprisingly he declined to counsel and was willing to talk he revealed in great
00:33:30
detail how he had discovered the concrete free ventilation shaft on the cellblock roof during his routine
00:33:35
painting assignment now we'd brought the Anglin brothers and Frank Morrison on his escape plan how they dug through
00:33:42
their cells constructed dummy heads lifejackets and the raft he took responsibility for everything and
00:33:48
claimed tools masterminded the entire breakout but prison officials were skeptical some elements of the plan
00:33:56
seemed far too clever for someone like Alan West they conceived it was widely accepted that the spot
00:34:03
won't West claimed it was far more likely that renowned escape artist Frank Morris masterminded the breakout Alan
00:34:12
West claimed their plan was to peddle the raft to Angel Island Angel Island was a large island covered in greenery
00:34:18
that was once the location of an immigration station it was two and a half miles north of Alcatraz Island
00:34:25
after a short rest West explained in their plan was the sail to the mainland landing in Marin County in the northern
00:34:32
part of San Francisco they would then commit burglaries to obtain guns clothes and cars and after that the group would
00:34:40
go their separate ways investigators were fully aware that despite Allen West's openness to talk
00:34:47
his words couldn't be trusted West was clearly loyal to the escapees and invested in their success he was not the
00:34:56
type of inmate that would graciously hand over valuable information to the screws investigators assumed he was
00:35:03
telling them enough detail to answer their questions but he was providing nothing that could jeopardize the
00:35:08
efforts of the escapees he could also be attempting to throw off the investigation with straight up lies
00:35:14
nevertheless the search for Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers was extended to
00:35:19
Angel Island in Marin County evidence found in each of the escapees cells confirmed West's version about how they
00:35:29
orchestrated the escape inside Morris's cell was the copy of Popular Mechanics magazine which featured the article on
00:35:36
lifejacket disorders John Anglin cell had bottles of green and blue paint the colors used to paint over the fake
00:35:42
grills also found any silver rolls of adhesive tape and other art supplies under Clarence Anglin spunk was a folded
00:35:51
handkerchief carrying clippings of dark human hair matching the hair glued to the dummy heads hidden in each inmate
00:35:57
cell where various handmade digging tools including several broken spoons a tea makeshift tools were found in total
00:36:05
on top of the cellblock behind the blankets West had hung out months earlier where the chopped up remains of
00:36:12
the raincoats the life jacket Puddle the escaping inmates have left behind for West were also found up there
00:36:19
most curiously was the discovery made in West cell West had a copy of a road atlas book that featured maps of the US
00:36:27
canada and mexico pages from the mexico section of the atlas had been torn eeeh and couldn't be found
00:36:34
investigators considered the possibility the escapees planned to head straight across the border to somewhere that
00:36:40
would be safe from extradition what the torn they were noticed missing Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers had been
00:36:50
gone for over nine hours giving them a substantial head start it was confirmed that they had made it off Alcatraz
00:36:56
Island as there was no sign of them anywhere on it but the question remained did they survive the trek across the bay
00:37:05
the FBI worked under the assumption that the escapees had succeeded local police
00:37:10
set up roadblocks chase suspicious vehicles come to the coastline and kept an ear out for reports of stolen
00:37:16
vehicles or burglaries as boats circled the bay and helicopters circled the sky 200 soldiers searched Angel Island end
00:37:24
to end but there was no sign of the escapees or any clues as to what might have happened to them the media spread
00:37:33
word of the incredible escape and the story gained international attention headlines and news broadcasts focused on
00:37:40
the near comical concept that inmates were able to dig their way out of the most notorious escape-proof prison using
00:37:46
kitchen spoons Alcatraz prison officials were quick to say face they stated the three escapees would have most certainly
00:37:55
drowned there was no clear evidence to prove it but they believed the untested makeshift
00:38:00
raft and life jackets would have failed the moment the escapees sailed out into the bay the water in San Francisco was
00:38:08
cold not insufferably so but it would have felt shockingly colder to the escapees
00:38:13
as unlike other prisons showers in Alcatraz intentionally used warm water to ensure inmates couldn't adapt to cold
00:38:21
water with additional Endurance's such as the darkness of night the choppy water and the fact that the escapees
00:38:28
were wearing heavy denim prison uniforms that would have weighed them down when wet Alcatraz officials were confident
00:38:34
the three men drowned furthermore prison officials claimed that at the time the inmates would have entered the water the
00:38:42
strong outgoing current would have swept them straight out in the Golden Gate and
00:38:46
into the Pacific Ocean prison officials were sure the three bloated at drowned bodies would eventually be found
00:38:53
floating in the bay or would wash up on nearby beaches despite news spreading the escapees were most likely dead
00:39:01
reports of sightings came in thick and fast three men were seen at a service station
00:39:07
in Seattle the Anglin brothers were apparently seen out in about eating lunch in San Francisco several men
00:39:14
looking like the escapees were seen in a car with a woman driving reports came through that a blue 1955
00:39:21
Chevrolet was stolen in Marin County the night of the escape an unknown man called Stockton Highway Patrol to lodge
00:39:28
a complaint about a car driving erratically and almost forcing him off the road he claimed to have seen three
00:39:34
men in the car wearing identical blue clothing other witnesses claimed to have seen three men floating in a raft in San
00:39:41
Pablo Bay all of these reports were looked into but they were all false or dead-end leads at 10:30 a.m. the morning
00:39:52
of the escape a receptionist working the front desk of a law firm in San Francisco received a strange telephone
00:39:58
call the men on the other end he introduced himself in a low serious voice as John Anglin at this stage the
00:40:06
receptionist hadn't heard about the Alcatraz escape so the name was unfamiliar to her the caller asked to
00:40:13
speak to a lawyer who worked in the office when questioned about his identity the caller said gruffly read the
00:40:19
newspapers then hung up when the FBI were informed with the call they bug to the law office phone in case
00:40:28
the caller rang back they discovered there was a lawyer working in the office who two years earlier defended inmates
00:40:35
who wound up in Alcatraz but the lawyer had never worked for or met either of the Anglin brothers or Frank Morris if
00:40:43
it really was John Anglin calling it was possible he may have gotten the lawyers
00:40:47
details of a fellow inmate prior to escaping Alcatraz however the caller never rang back and
00:40:53
his identity was never confirmed so the FBI put the call down as a hoax over the
00:41:02
following days there were no confirmed sightings of any of the escapees investigators believed it impossible
00:41:08
that the fugitives could have traveled across to the mainland without being spotted by somebody they would have had
00:41:14
to have found new clothes money transportation maybe even weaponry it was considered highly unlikely that they
00:41:21
could have obtained any of the things that they would have needed without anyone noticing it became more and more
00:41:27
likely in the minds of investigators that the escapees never made it to the mainland at 10:15 p.m. on the night of
00:41:39
June 14th three nights after the escape a Coast Guard boat slowly cruised off the shore of Angel Island scanning the
00:41:46
dark water with a search lock the beam of light captured something floating across the surface of the water there
00:41:53
was a home made or made out of blue and green plywood the paddle was compared to
00:41:57
the one left behind for Alan West and there were a match it's confirmed with certainty that the inmates made it into
00:42:06
the water but did they survive the following day a US Army boat skimmed across the bay checking and removing
00:42:16
calls of floating rubbish about a mile north of Alcatraz Island they netted a small package made out of green rubbery
00:42:23
material wrapped inside was a sealed plastic wallet the wallet held scraps of paper with lists of names addresses and
00:42:33
contact numbers of various people amongst the paper were approximately 80 family photographs most compelling was a
00:42:42
receipt for $10 featuring the name Clarence Anglin the rubber packaging that carried the wallet
00:42:49
was confirmed to be made from raincoats worn by Alcatraz inmates the FBI were also able to confirm the photographs
00:42:56
found inside the wallet featured mostly members of the Anglin family this suggested that one of the Anglin
00:43:02
brothers made the package prior to their escape and had it on them when they entered the boat some found it hard to
00:43:08
believe the men would willingly discard such a personal and precious item the photographs were sentimental but the
00:43:15
list of contacts on the outside was practical they assumed the only way the inmates were departed with the important
00:43:21
package was if they dropped it as they were drowning but others considered the package an ingenious ploy to throw off
00:43:29
investigators this wasn't some mad dash of freedom by opportunistic uneducated criminals this was a carefully
00:43:36
orchestrated escape masterminded by known genius Frank Morris they believed the package was meticulously protected
00:43:44
to ensure its contents wouldn't get damaged or sink to the bottom of the bay because they wanted it to be found it
00:43:50
was meant to lead people to believe the escapees drowned if the Anglin brothers considered the package so precious they
00:43:57
would have taken greater care to protect it by tying it to their bodies others believed if there was a simpler
00:44:05
explanation perhaps one of the Anglin brothers dropped it into the water accidentally and either didn't notice or
00:44:11
was unable to retrieve it and its discovery didn't prove any conclusions the FBI investigated the names listed on
00:44:20
the paper found in the floating package curiously there was the name of the lawyer in San Francisco who received the
00:44:26
call from a man claiming to be John Anglin the first morning of the escape other names on the paper included a man
00:44:34
in Cleveland who knew a bank robber incarcerated in Alcatraz but didn't know any of the three escapees another
00:44:41
belonged to a man in Ohio who had been killed in a car accident a year earlier he was a known lone wolf type who didn't
00:44:48
associate with anybody and had never been heard mentioning the names Frank Morris John Anglin or Clarence Anglin
00:44:57
another name on the list was a man from Ohio who knew the Anglin brothers were now her children but he couldn't provide
00:45:04
any more useful information to investigators other names belong to people who had visited family members in
00:45:11
architraves but they had never heard of the fugitives or seen them during their short visits and were genuinely
00:45:17
perplexed why their names were on the list most of the names belonged to direct family and friends of the Anglin
00:45:24
brothers the Englund family were being closely watched by the FBI they claimed to have no knowledge of the escape and
00:45:31
their claims were believable given they lived in Florida and didn't have the money to visit the boys whilst they were
00:45:37
in Alcatraz the Englund family assured investigators that they hadn't heard from John or Clarence and didn't know
00:45:46
their whereabouts Frank Morris was an orphan who was raised in institutions he had no known living relatives thus there
00:45:55
was nobody the FBI could question regarding his disappearance five days after the escape on June 16th
00:46:09
Alcatraz prison warden Olin Blackwell received a postcard stamped from the date before the postcard Brett check to
00:46:17
see what jose luis martinez was up to last Monday night when he spoke from Fisherman's Wharf he wasn't alone or
00:46:25
fishing sure enough the FBI found Jose Martinez on the docks of Fisherman's Wharf
00:46:34
he owned a 27 foot cabin cruiser boat he told the FBI that on the night of June 11th he hadn't taken his boat out onto
00:46:43
the bay in fact he never took his bow dia because they didn't have lights and it wasn't fully equipped to make the
00:46:49
trip a close friend of Martinez vouched that the boat never left the dock the FBI couldn't link Martinez to the escape
00:46:58
and they found no hint as to who sent the postcard to the warden or wife but its contents did open up the
00:47:04
investigation in a new direction and gave more insight into how the inmates may have survived and made it to the
00:47:10
mainland the possibility that there was a boat out in the bay waiting for the escapees
00:47:16
became one of the more significant explanations for those who believe they survived they cut out the problems
00:47:23
surrounding the unpredictability of the raft lifejackets swimming ability and the current all the three escapees
00:47:30
needed to do was swim to the waiting boat and climb aboard this theory contradicted Allen West's version of
00:47:37
what the escapees had supposedly planned to do regarding paddling to Angel Island
00:47:41
and beyond but there was a strong possibility West was lying to protect them the boat theory was bolstered by a
00:47:49
San Francisco police officer who came forward and told the FBI that at 1:00 a.m. on the night of the escape he was
00:47:55
on duty around Fisherman's Wharf he spotted a fishing vessel approximately 30 feet long that was stopped dead in
00:48:02
the water to the southeast of Alcatraz Island he didn't see fishing rods or netting off the side of the boat
00:48:09
according to the police officer the boat moved off around 30 minutes after he noticed it and headed west out the
00:48:16
Golden Gate towards the Pacific Ocean perhaps that boat was involved in the escape
00:48:23
but FBI agents couldn't be 100% certain several dozen boats trolled the San Francisco Bay on any given night unless
00:48:31
they entered the restricted zone surrounding Alcatraz Island which none did on the night of the escape they
00:48:37
would draw a little attention from anybody it would be impossible for the FBI to identify every boat that was in
00:48:43
the bay at the time of the escape especially if one had been involved because the owner would never come
00:48:49
forward but the boat theory seemed unlikely as there was no way the escapees could have
00:48:56
organized the boat to meet them prior to the escape it was incredibly difficult near impossible for information to get
00:49:02
in and out of Alcatraz and none of the escapees had any visitors during their time inside however they did do time
00:49:12
with a renowned and influential mob boss named Ellsworth bumpy Johnson bumpy was
00:49:18
a career criminal in New York and he was the type of person who had the means and
00:49:22
power to put a boat in the harbor to pick up the escapees bumpy never confessed to any involvement and the
00:49:29
assumption he was involved was a bit of a stretch bumpy had no direct connection
00:49:34
to any of the escapees that would compel him to help them accept the fact he was
00:49:38
incredibly anti establishment and anti Authority and may have helped just to stick it to the men other inmates
00:49:47
witnessed the bumpy Johnson looked anxious and lost in thought the day of the escape but it wasn't unusual for
00:49:53
inmates in Alcatraz to look like that bumpy died in 1968 from congestive heart failure any knowledge or involvement he
00:50:02
may have had about the escape died with him as the search continued debates between
00:50:12
inmates inside Alcatraz took place some wanted to believe Morris and the Anglin brothers made it as it gave them hope
00:50:19
others gave them no chance and were confident their bodies were resting in the bottom of the bay the escape did
00:50:28
change the atmosphere in the prison though suddenly the fortress that stripped inmates of hope and humanity
00:50:34
that aimed to punish not rehabilitate no longer seemed so imposing and fearful what followed was a renewed sense of
00:50:42
hope amongst inmates who had lost it long ago if Morris and the Anglin brothers can do
00:50:47
it so can i prison officials increased the frequency of random cell and body searches and constantly relocated
00:50:57
inmates the different cells but the prison's reputation had been tarnished inside and out some inmates were
00:51:07
interviewed by investigators but it was clear there was a sense of loyal camaraderie amongst the prison
00:51:12
population and no one was going to sell out Morris or the Anglin brothers to authorities little bits of partially
00:51:19
useful information were given them apparently the escapees had been learning Spanish prior to the breakout
00:51:26
which gave way to the theory that they had planned to go south across the border more specifically some inmates
00:51:33
overheard talk about going to Brazil but it was hard for investigators to trust anything given by career criminals seven
00:51:42
days after the escape June 18th Alcatraz prison warden Blackwell received another postcard it was stamped
00:51:49
two days earlier in messy uneven capital letters the postcard read haha we made it in the
00:51:58
bottom-right corner were the names Frank John and Clarence warden Blackwell handed the postcard to the FBI but he
00:52:07
believed it was just a hoax the writing on the postcard didn't match handwriting
00:52:12
samples of the escapees but it was written in rushed capital letters so it made it hard to compare divers
00:52:21
with scuba gear probed at the bottom of the bay and authorities trapped floating
00:52:25
debris hoping to find a clue but ten days passed with no new discoveries the suggestion made by some that the
00:52:34
escapees could only have succeeded in such an elaborate breakout by bribing prison staff was considered unlikely by
00:52:40
investigators neither Mara saw the Anglin brothers were wealthy nor were any of their close
00:52:45
friends or relatives they had no hidden stashes of loot from previous robberies as all the money they had stolen had
00:52:52
been recovered the most embarrassing explanation seemed to the most probable the inmates outsmarted the prison
00:53:01
[Music] months later a delayed report came through to FBI headquarters from a crewman aboard a Norwegian freighter
00:53:09
that headed out the Golden Gate on July 17th six days after the escape he said he saw something bobbing in the water a
00:53:17
distance away using binoculars he saw it was the body of a man floating facedown
00:53:23
in the water wearing faded blue denim pants the way the witness described the body strongly correlated with the
00:53:30
physical appearance of Frank Morris the sighting had been recorded in the ship's
00:53:37
log book immediately there was little doubt the crewman had seen a body but it wasn't reported to the FBI until three
00:53:43
months later so the body wasn't able to be recovered to confirm identity unfortunately bodies floating in the bay
00:53:51
weren't an uncommon sight many suicides are committed by jumping off the Golden Gate Bridge sometimes the bodies are
00:54:00
found sometimes they're not in fact on the night of the escape a man by the name of Seymour Webber being in his car
00:54:08
on the Golden Gate and jumped off many people witnessed this but Seymour's body was never found the fact that the
00:54:19
crewman gave a description of the body that correlated with the physical appearance of Frank Morris might not be
00:54:24
reliable either who was three months later when he was interviewed and his description may have been influenced by
00:54:30
knowledge of the escaped and the inmates it was making headlines around the world
00:54:34
so their descriptions were well publicized there are a lot of variables when it comes to discovering drowned
00:54:42
bodies in San Francisco Bay no one can accurately predict where bodies will end up or if they will even surface at all
00:54:49
many bodies have gone missing in the bay never to be seen again variables such as
00:54:55
marine life underwater snags rocky outcroppings and debris can hinder a body from surfacing however since the
00:55:03
escaped experts have agreed that if all three Alcatraz inmates drowned then at least one body should have been free on
00:55:12
On June 21st on the beach at Fort Cronkite just outside the Golden Gate a wood of olive colored rubber washed up
00:55:19
on shore it was later confirmed to be one of the homemade lifejackets the inmates wore during their escape the
00:55:26
next day a second lifejacket was pulled from the bay 50 yards off Alcatraz Island both jackets were deflated and it
00:55:34
appeared the seams had not held one of the lifejackets had obvious teeth marks whoever was wearing it bit together the
00:55:42
broken seam as they swam by July the chance of recovering bodies if they had drowned seemed too remote however the
00:55:52
FBI continued searching conducting over 1,000 interviews they continued their round-the-clock surveillance of the
00:55:59
angle and family intercepting mail tailing family members and bugging their telephones but neither John nor Clarence
00:56:06
ever reached the earth either they were smart enough to go and agree on keep a low profile and to make no contact or
00:56:14
they were dead three months after the escape September 13th 1962 a fisherman a half-mile out from Alcatraz reeled in
00:56:24
his lawn and brought up a barnacle-encrusted human skull with its lower jaw missing Alcatraz prison
00:56:30
officials boasted this was proof the escapees had drowned the dental records showed that the skull didn't belong to
00:56:38
any of the inmates further tests showed the skull belonged to someone much older
00:56:43
than any of the escapees the air and water surge concluded on June 22nd eleven days after the escape days weeks
00:56:56
months and years passed with no breakthroughs but there were plenty of rumors assumptions and myths
00:57:04
over the years the Anglin family claimed to have received numerous unexplained birthday letters and postcards that had
00:57:10
writing similar to that of John and Clarence but as none of the letters had postmarked two dates it was difficult to
00:57:17
confirm when they were sent oddly John and Clarence's mother had a bunch of flowers delivered on her
00:57:24
birthday each year the sender remained anonymous years later the England family were given a photograph from an old
00:57:34
friend of John and Clarence the photo showed two men standing near a rock purportedly taken on a farm in Brazil a
00:57:42
forensic expert confirmed the photograph was taken in 1975 and asserted that the
00:57:48
men in the photo were more than likely John and Clarence Anglin however the men are wearing sunglasses and have facial
00:57:55
hair the photo was also taken at a distance so it couldn't be confirmed without a doubt that it was John and
00:58:02
Clarence [Music] in 1973 John and Clarence Anglin 's mother passed away the FBI attended the funeral and witness
00:58:13
accounts claimed that too tall and unusual looking women wearing long dresses and heavy makeup attended the
00:58:19
service said nothing to anybody and disappeared before the FBI could speak to them an old institutional
00:58:28
questionnaire filled out by an incarcerated 20 year old Frank Morris listed the things he would wish for if
00:58:34
who were granted three wishes his wishes were one to get out of prison to a nice
00:58:42
home with everything to go with it three plenty of money it may never be known if any of Morris's wishes came
00:58:51
true after 17 years of active investigation the FBI I reached the formal conclusion on the Escape from
00:59:02
Alcatraz they determined through limited evidence and expert opinion that the likelihood the three inmates survived
00:59:09
for their escape was highly unlikely and that no credible evidence in the US or overseas had emerged to suggest
00:59:16
otherwise the FBI officially ended their involvement in the investigation on December 31st 1979 and handed the case
00:59:27
to the United States Marshal Service a federal government agency that specializes in searching for wanted
00:59:32
individuals and prison escapees open to the possibility that the inmates were able to survive their well thought-out
00:59:41
escape the marshals continue to follow leads in every American state as well as overseas in 2010 after one promising tip
00:59:50
they assumed an unmarked grave claimed to belong to one of the escapees but no positive identification was made for
00:59:59
years since the disappearance authorities have received thousands of leads tips and claims of sightings of
01:00:04
the three men the investigation went all the way to South America after a tipster
01:00:09
informed authorities that they saw the Anglin brothers in a bar in Brazil investigators visited the bar and
01:00:15
conducted multiple interviews with no result many tests have been conducted under
01:00:23
similar circumstances of the escape rafts made of raincoats have been sailed across the bay thousands of people have
01:00:31
successfully swum the distance between Alcatraz Island and the San Francisco mainland in varying conditions studies
01:00:38
of the Bayes currents have been inconclusive results depend on the exact time the men set sail from Alcatraz
01:00:44
Island something that will never be known various witnesses claimed to have met the men throughout the years but
01:00:52
without proof these statements can't be verified the escape triggered debate in discussions in Washington DC between
01:01:02
Congress and prison officials Alcatraz was created to be a deterrent to 1930s Public Enemy gangster crime The Times
01:01:11
had changed questions were asked if the prison had outlived its usefulness and become a dated relic of a time long ago
01:01:19
the prison was inspected and it was concluded that to fix the structural damage that would cost taxpayers
01:01:25
millions of dollars plus the cost of keeping an inmate in Alcatraz was upwards of $13 per day compared to $5
01:01:33
per day at other state prisons the interest in keeping Alcatraz prison opened was fading on December 17th 1962
01:01:45
six months after Morris and the Anglin brothers escaped two other inmates broke out of Alcatraz with only crude water
01:01:52
wings made out of blown-up surgical glove stuffed up the sleeves of their shirts
01:01:56
the inmates dived into the bay and started swimming one inmate was found clinging to a rock outcropping 100 feet
01:02:04
west of Alcatraz and recaptured but most damaging to the prison was the discovery
01:02:10
of the second escapee teenagers walking along the beach at Fort Point near the Golden Gate Bridge found at the unmoving
01:02:20
body of the second escaped inmate believing he was dead they contacted authorities who was shocked to discover
01:02:27
the inmate was actually still alive he had successfully swum across the bay from the prison this raised serious
01:02:35
doubts over prison officials previous claims that it was impossible for Mora saw the Anglin brothers tour survived a
01:02:40
swim to the mainland that ended up being the final escape attempt from Alcatraz prison within weeks the phase to close
01:02:50
the prison permanently began inmates were relocated to other state prisons in small groups including Allen
01:02:57
West who was transferred to McNeil Island in Washington he spent the remainder of his life in and out of
01:03:04
prison before he died in 1978 Alcatraz closed its doors on March 21st 1963 after 29 years of operation 1576
01:03:18
prisoners went through the prison during that time 36 attempted to escape 23 were
01:03:25
recaptured six were shot dead and four were confirmed drowned in San Francisco Bay as for the other three arrest
01:03:35
warrants are still active for Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers and they are still listed by the marshals as
01:03:41
Northern California's most wanted fugitives the investigation will continue until the escapees are arrested
01:03:48
confirmed deceased or when they reach the age of 99 if the men were alive today Frank Morris would be in his early
01:03:57
90s and the Anglin brothers would be in their late 80s [Music] thanks for listening to this week's
01:04:19
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